Collaborative Stakeholder Governance of Urban Village Renovation under Demand Coordination:A Case Study based on the Renovation Project of Beichen District,Tianjin City
Urban villages present issues caused by the dual urban-rural land system in China.Due to the complexity of property rights,the plurality of stakeholders,and the significant differences in demands,the governance of urban village renovation projects is highly complex and challenging.Therefore,coordinating the complicated relationships and demands of multiple stakeholders is a prerequisite for deep cooperation that includes government,market subjects,and residents in successful decision-making during urban village renovation projects.Nevertheless,existing studies demonstrate a variety of limitations.Firstly,few studies have analyzed stakeholders and their demands in a network environment from a quantitative perspective.Secondly,few studies have considered differing composition of stakeholders and their differing interests and demands at different stages of urban village renovation projects.To fill these research gaps,this study analyzed the evolutionary characteristics and laws of the stakeholders involved in the Tianjin Beichen District Renovation Project and their interests and demands network using social network analysis from the perspective of full life cycle.(1)Stakeholders involved in the project and their interests and demands were recognized by combining literature review and case study.(2)The relationship between stakeholders and interests and demands was determined through a questionnaire survey and a stakeholder-interests and demands matrix was constructed.(3)The 2-model social network of stakeholder-interests and demands was discussed deeply via social network analysis.The evolutionary laws of core stakeholders,core interests and demands,and roles of stakeholders in the renovation process were disclosed.(4)Key difficulties in coordination of stakeholders'interests and demands during renovation were determined.Some specific countermeasures to facilitate coordinated governance of multiple stakeholders were proposed.Three major conclusions were drawn:① Stakeholders propose significantly different demands at different stages of urban village renovation projects.The core stakeholders and core interests and demands change throughout the renovation stages.Specifically,stakeholders are the most complicated and the difference in demands is most stark in the relocation and compensation stage,resulting in the highest coordination challenges.② The roles and functions of the same stakeholders differ at different stages of the project.In the full life cycle of the project,the government changes from the"leading"role to the"coordinator".The public's role changes from"passive acceptors"to"positive participators".The construction unit serves as the"resource coordinator".News media demonstrates the highest independence and has the attributive characteristics of"marginal supervisors".③ There is a strong relationship between demands at different stages of urban village reconstruction projects.The key to coordinate core demands across different stages is to effectively coordinate relationships between stakeholders.Building a satisfying living environment for the public is the core demand of multiple stakeholders.Based on the above analysis results,some countermeasures are proposed from coordination of economic benefits in the relocation and compensation stage,guarantee of full-process participation for the public,developing the dominant advantages of core stakeholders,and building a multi-subject interaction and sharing platform.The research results provide scientific reference for collaborative governance of stakeholders in urban village renovation projects.
urban village renovation projectsstakeholderscoordination of interest demandssocial network analysis
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