Research on Demand Identification and Spatial Configuration of Urban Community-based Elderly Care Facilities in Urban Communities:A Case Study Based on Central Urban Area of Tianjin
Community-based elder care facilities can provide functional spaces to meet various demands and help them to realize"aging in place".However,standard configuration modes often ignore the accurate supply-demand matching and usually have many problems such as unreasonable functional configuration and difficulties in late operation.Hence,discussing the differentiated configuration of functional spaces according to demands of user groups to perfectly support urban public service facilities more scientifically has become a major social demand in the present stage.Through field surveys and deep analysis,a set of methods were proposed that could recognize demands accurately and help designers to configure community-based elder care facilities.First,population characteristics were extracted and divided by using the Anderson model based on three dimensions of predisposing characteristics while enabling resources and demand factors.A survey on preference of community-based elder care facilities was carried out by using above three dimensions as the initial influencing factors of preliminary survey questionnaire.According to preference and correlation analysis,functions with high demands and significant influencing factors were screened.Second,the screened functional demands and influencing factors were investigated by the Kano model questionnaire and voting data was collected by"two-way"questioning method.This can master demand information more comprehensively and guarantee accuracy of results.Third,the demand level was determined according to number of votes and the demand degree was measured by calculating the average satisfaction coefficient,thus making a comprehensive judgment on general demands of user groups.Finally,a cluster analysis of demand levels and demand degrees of 3 characteristic groups was carried out to determine demand differences.This can extract characteristics of high-demand groups from different dimensions,divide typical groups and recognize demands accurately.A field survey and analysis were carried out in central urban area of Tianjin.Results demonstrated that age and physical condition,residence status,total monthly income and educational background,had a significant impact on the spatial demand for community-based elderly care facilities.There were different demands among population groups with different dimensional characteristics.Although the overall population had a low demand for each functional space,the two types of finally extracted groups had significant demands.Typical group Ⅰ:people aged over 60,living alone and in good health conditions,had significant demands for pharmacy,single room and living room,manifested as pursuit of high-level living environment.Typical group Ⅱ:people aged over 60,living in nursing institutions for the aged,poor physical condition and low income level,had significant demands for take-away window,community canteen,pharmacy,double rooms and dining room.Architects shall further optimize community canteens to lower the cost of spaces.On this basis,spatial configuration models of the whole population and typical groups were constructed.The function-independent spatial configuration form was proposed.Moreover,methods for accurate identification of demands and reasonable configuration of functional spaces were summarized and verified.Although research results may not be applicable to each community,the proposed method could help designers to comprehend demand information more comprehensively,identify demand differences of whole population and high-demand groups in different communities and provide references for accurate configuration of elder care facilities.
community-based elderly care facilitiesspatial configuration modelKano modeldemand levelsdemand degree
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