Spatial Characteristics and Layout of Small Commercial Facilities under the Influence of Online Supply and Demand:A Case Study based on Catering Facilities in Beijing
In the context of digitalization,online consumption has become a new trend.The trend of integrated online and offline catering supply and demand is increasingly prominent rather than limited within the traditional urban commercial distribution.Previous studies have mainly analyzed the layout mechanism of urban catering facilities under the influence of the online-to-offline(O2O)catering mode by comparing traditional spatial distribution patterns with take-out shops.However,there has been insufficient research on how supply-demand evolutions influence the spatial layout of online and offline catering facilities;the spatial layout mechanism of catering facilities with consideration of both supply and demand is rarely discussed.In this study,the distribution characteristics of catering shops in Beijing under the influence of different types of online supply and demand were compared based on the classification of online catering facilities.Additionally,the degree of influence of factors on supply-demand,transfer links in the spatial layout of catering facilities,and the geological spatial variation of regression coefficients of typical influencing factors,were analyzed.The results provide a useful reference for planning the layout of small commercial facilities that integrate online and offline channels in the city.Data was from the Dazhong Dianping website about catering shops in Beijing in August 2020.Catering facilities were divided into four types based on their online mode,including traditional type,home delivery type,store service type,and comprehensive type.An influencing factor system of O2O catering spatial layout,which covered the supply end,transfer links,and demand end was built.The spatial distribution characteristics of catering facilities were analyzed by standard deviational ellipse,kernel density,and hotspot analysis.On this basis,the dependence of catering shops on the geographic center,peripheral diffusion in the central city,and the spatial distribution characteristics of the online rate under the influence of different types of online supply and demand were compared.The degree of influence of supply end,demand end,and transfer links factors on the spatial layout of catering were analyzed by multiple linear regression and geographic weighted regression.The geographical spatial variation of regression coefficients of typical influencing factors was further analyzed.This study aimed to disclose the spatial distribution laws of different types of catering facilities as well as differences in the factors influencing layout under the influence of online supply and demand through the path of"spatial distribution characteristics-layout influencing mechanism-differentiated spatial layout mechanism".The results can provide guidance and reference for the optimization of the spatial layout of small-sized business facilities represented by catering in future cities.The results showed that the commercial spatial distribution of different online modes was differentiated.If the online mode was greater,catering spaces where services concentrated more at the supply end tended to agglomerate in the center.The commercial layout laws based on the central place theory were still applicable.However,changes in key nodes of the supply and demand ends caused by online distribution caused differentiation of key layout factors and the layout mechanism.Site selection competition of small-sized commercial facilities in urban areas radiated from the center to the suburbs and transferred from traditional downtown areas to major population distribution areas in the suburbs.In the context of online supply and demand,the development of an online platform changed the emphasis of catering services on the supply and demand ends and also influenced the distribution laws of catering spaces.Hence,urban commercial facilities needed to adapt.During the configuration of small-sized commercial facilities in future cities,it is suggested that the functional configuration be refined in accordance with the supply-demand matching characteristics of the business mode and that differentiated spatial layouts be adopted for services that are concentrated at the supply or demand end.
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