Prospective Strategies and Spatial Planning of a Maritime City
At the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China,a clear strategic goal of"building China into a strong maritime country"was proposed.This included increasing the marine resource development ability of China,developing the marine economy,protecting the marine ecological environment,and resolutely protecting maritime rights and interests.On October 13th,2023,Professor Wang Shifu,the chief expert of a special major research project of the National Social Science Foundation,organized the 12th"Designing City"Roundtable Seminar,with the theme"Strategic Pivot and Institutional Innovation for Building China into a Maritime Country".Experts from several fields,including urban planning,Ocean Science,and international relationships experts,were invited to discuss the strategic pivot effect of maritime cities in a maritime community with a shared future and the need for spatial planning innovation.Based on a summary of the opinions of the participants,experts from related fields were further invited to discuss"maritime city strategy and space planning",with the aim of providing beneficial references for maritime city planning and construction in the future.Wang Shifu believed that for the development of maritime cities in China,it is beneficial to understand and analyze the responses to the strategic leap from a big port country to a marine power from the global perspective,based on the planned relationship between the port and city and with high attention to the sea-land integrated planning strategy.Wang Xingping et al.argued that building a maritime city agglomeration is important for marine planning and management of inland cities.Port cities and central inland cities can build a functional marine sphere with close connections and reasonable division of labor through integrated measures,including a traffic facility network,multiple"flowing elements",regional sea-involved functions,and cross-border collaborative governance.Ma Xiangming argued that a maritime city strategy should not be limited to the development and utilization of marine resources.He suggested that positive responses to marine ecological challenges should involve the facilitation of communication and integration between sea and land civilizations and the development of cultural communication and comprehensive innovation functions.Moreover,space planning of maritime cities should emphasize land-sea functional coordination,thus guaranteeing the health of marine cities.When considering the problems associated with the sustainable development of maritime cities,Chen Tian proposed various ways to improve the disaster prevention resilience and space quality of coastal high-density cities from the perspectives of overall planning and the repair of coastal ecosystems,the establishment of a coastal city disaster prevention system,and coastal urban quality improvements based on climate adaptation.Wang Jianjun systematically described the challenges and barriers against the implementation of existing maritime city strategies and summarized the core problems associated with the current maritime city strategies that must be solved based on four levels:implementation of a full-factor comprehensive survey and evaluation of land-sea resources at the first level;building a marine city development pattern based on land-sea planning at the city level;providing a guarantee of ocean-oriented resource elements at the marine level;and participation in global ocean governance in broader offshore areas.By using an ocean central city as the strategic pivot for marine power,Wen Chaoxiang et al.suggested that a scientific and strategic layout of marine central cities in China and abroad is necessary.Wen Chaoxiang et al.summarized their experiences and lessons based on the practices utilized for coastal space planning in coastal provinces and cities in China:the relationship between the land and sea must be addressed;the development relationship between cities and regions must be coordinated;a good strategic space plan for land-sea development must be developed.Zhen Bin argued that building a new world-class port city in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area would promote local maritime city development.He suggested that the construction of the new port city in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area should be promoted through facility construction,institutional construction,and port-industry integrated development;this would facilitate international and global development of maritime cities.Zhao Miaoxi pointed out that with the increasing regional development of the global economy,the near-shore trend of a global supply chain and value chain will become increasingly mature and the high-level open planning principle in coastal regions will be expanded under the new development pattern.Based on the construction of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area,he further suggested that there is a need to disclose the global network linking mechanism and analyze the regional network coordination mechanism and planning responses to the dual circulation development network in the Greater Bay Area.Cheng Yao believed that land-sea overall planning is a system problem involving full-domain and full-element planning,and the overall land-sea plan will be implemented in land functions and planned facility construction..National land-space planning in relation to overall land-sea planning should comprise different planning levels,contents,and depths at the land-sea region,neighborhood region,and coastal zone.Moreover,a more systematic transboundary planning control system and a stricter conduction system should be applied to the sea area,rather than the land region.Deng Zhaohua argued that the construction of a marine power in China should be based on"facilitating port development through land development".The port hinterland can be expanded through port solidification based on"port-production combination",port stability can be achieved based on the"Land-Maritime Silk Road Hub",and port strengthening can be achieved based on resource clustering,thus facilitating land modernization at ports.Further,full use should be made of technological outputs to facilitate local industrialization and expand port layout in order to stabilize the hinterland foundation.Guo Hai argued that according to the proposed marine theory based on China's national conditions,China should use the marine environment as an important mean to maintain international social peace and stability.Guo Hai viewed ports as important measures of China's marine strategic development.He also suggested that three contradictions,between trade and military,between national benefits and system benefits,and between diplomatic functions and economic and trading functions,must be addressed.Liu Zheng believed that marine city-related planning has explicit characteristics of innovative planning.He argued that it is necessary to further innovate the planning of maritime cities and achieve relevant institutional arrangement.Further,important points related to planning innovation are described from the perspectives of connectivity,supports,and levering properties to activate the strategic pivot effect of marine cities.
maritime community with a shared futuremarine citydevelopment strategyspatial planningGuangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area
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