Establishment and Testing of an Urban Health Assessment Index System Oriented to Urban Renewal Districts:An Empirical Analysis based on 31 Urban Renewal Districts in Changsha
In the context of rapid urbanization,urban renewal has attracted extensive attention as a key approach to enhance urban functions and improve residents'quality of life.In particular,urban renewal has been designated as a national strategies during the"14th Five-year Plan".However,current urban health assessment systems are mainly focused on a macro level,lacking a deep analysis on district-level urban health assessment details.This restricts improvements of targets and effectiveness of urban renewal projects.Changsha is a typical city that develops quickly.The urban renewal districts in Changsha are facing diversified challenges and demands.It is urgent to develop a set of refined health assessment tools to guide renewal practices.Based on a big data analysis,a universal assessment index system was built to fill in the blanks and improve the operability and specificity of district-level urban health assessments.In terms of research methodology,a critical analysis of the"no urban health assessment,no renewal"policy was carried out and the research basis for urban health assessment at home and abroad was reviewed.A district health assessment framework oriented to the urban renewal scene was proposed.Subsequently,level-1,level-2,and level-3 indexes of the system were determined from the perspectives of residential quality,district facilities,industrial resources,public spaces,cultural landscape,green energy-saving,safety resilience,and diversity inclusion.Moreover,index weights were determined by analytic hierarchy processes(AHP).Moreover,for the calculation of typical indicators,the following methods were introduced:① spatial distribution of permanent residents,which is established based on WorldPop population grids;② dynamic analysis of Baidu real-time traffic data based on the FME platform;③ walking coverage of public service facilities of the hour-circle API interface based on Mapbox.According to the obtained research results,31 urban renewal districts in Changsha have high scores in diversity,inclusivity,safety,and resilience,but the cultural landscape has low scores.Subsequently,these were divided into five types based on K-means feature clustering and Radar graph hierarchical exploration,including old town core type,core periphery type,core secondary periphery type,university type in scenic spot,and suburb type.The core/peripheral circle districts and single-dimension advantageous districts were further summarized based on suggestions of renewal and reconstruction.The former suggests relieving pressure of core urban areas and releasing more land spaces by strengthening the functional dispersion of the old city,promoting shantytown transformation,and industrial relocation.The latter suggests improving supporting facility levels based on single resource advantages and meeting residents'daily needs by building a 15-minute living circle.In summary,this study achieved three objectives:1)it establishes an urban health assessment index system for practical application in districts;2)a multifactorial feature analysis method was developed to classify index evaluation results and explore features;3)suggestions based on the reconstruction of renewal districts based on evaluation scores are proposed.These provide differential strategies for the planning of urban renewal districts in Changsha.Additionally,it also highlights that there is insufficient supporting and theory.In future,the accuracy of data and theory requires improvement.
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