The Spatiotemporal Distribution Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Architectural Heritage in the 20th Century in China
Existing studies on architectural heritage in the 20th century are mainly based on the meso and micro static perspectives and emphasize the evaluation,protection,and utilization of an architectural type as well as the value cognition and renewal mode of heritage in provincial and city ranges.However,these studies ignore the internal correlation of heritage in different administrative zones and the objective laws of heritage development in different periods.To enhance the stability and tenacity of the cultural heritage system and integrate heritage resources to achieve higher-efficiency revitalization and use,the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of eight 20th-century groups(798 architectural heritage projects)and influencing factors were discussed from the macro perspective,using the ArcGIS10.8 software based on built period and function classification.Specifically,the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics were analyzed by kernel density estimation,standard deviation ellipse,average nearest neighborhood,and other methods.The causes of the distribution pattern were determined through a qualitative analysis after the superposition of relevant elements and heritage distribution.The results show that:(1)the geographical spatial distribution characteristics on the provincial level generally present a high-concentration distribution of"one pole,multiple nuclei,high density in east and low density in the west."On the city level,heritage quantity presents the"pyramidal"distribution,accompanied with"cliff-like"differences among different cities.It is generally characteristic of"disperse in large cities and concentration in small cities."(2)The type of spatial distribution characteristics of memorial buildings,cultural buildings,industrial buildings,and others formed four clusters(Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Aggregation Area,Suzhou-Zhejiang-Shanghai Aggregation Area,Guangdong Aggregation Area,Yu-Exiang Aggregation Area)and two corridors(Heiji-Liao-Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei,Jin-Yu-Shaan-Chongqing Aggregation Belt,and Liao-Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei,Ru-Su-Zhejiang-Shanghai-Min,Guangdong and Guiyang Aggregation Belt).(3)Temporal distribution and evolutionary characteristics manifest as a long time span,strong historical continuity,significant periodicity,and balanced distribution in different periods.The total amount of architectural heritage generally presents a varying trend of increasing → fluctuation→ reduction.Moreover,the distribution center gradually migrates from southwest to northwest and then to southeast.The evolution of major types has six conditions,including reduction → increase,fluctuating increase,continuous reduction,and so on.(4)Factors like terrain,population density,and historical events are closely related to the spatial distribution of heritage.Moreover,historical events are crucial to forming major aggregation belts.Based on these conclusions,the study is expected to provide some macroscopic suggestions for future protective utilization of architectural heritage,including the construction of narrative heritage zones and corridors,selection of pilot census provinces and cities,identification of key protection areas and heritage restoration,and prediction of potential heritage distribution sites.Specifically,a relatively precise idea to construct narrative heritage zones and corridors is proposed.The cultural tourism and education tourism routes themed around the"History of China's Development in the 20th Century"are integrated,which has profoundly significant for training the national consciousness,establishing cultural confidence and realizing the great rejuvenation of China.
China's architectural heritage in the 20th centuryspatial and temporal distribution characteristicsinfluencing factorsaggregation areasaggregation belts
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