Impact of the Promotion Mechanisms of the Residential Built Environment on the Health Behaviors of the Aged:Based on Mobility Differences
When seeking to improve the age-friendliness of older residential areas in the transition to urban renewal and healthy aging,it is necessary to know how to use the built environment to support aged people at different activity levels.This study used the SOR model from environmental psychology to set up a hypothesis framework for multidimensional built environmental elements to promote healthy behaviors among the aged.It used the physical environment as the stimulation source,the healthy behaviors of the aged as the response,and the perceived environment and social environment as the mediating variables.In addition,individual elements acted as covariates to control their effects on the healthy behaviors of the aged.Based on built environmental data and the healthy behaviors of 2,893 older people in 16 typical old residential communities in Tianjin,the study explored the promotion mechanisms of built environmental elements(physical,perceptual,and social)in the healthy behaviors of the aged at different activity levels by using structural equations and mediating effect models.The results showed that 84%of the respondents were physically active,while 16%were physically retarded.Only 26%and 18%of the aged exceeded the recommended 150 minutes of walking and physical activity per week,respectively,while 59%exceeded the recommended 150 minutes of static leisure activity per week.Generally,the physical consumption of dynamic activities was relatively low,and most activities were relatively static.Among older people at different activity levels,the proportion of physically retarded people over 80 was relatively high.As the spatial enjoyment of healthy behaviors of the aged is in the high-precision geographic environment of old residential communities,this is where the study focused its analysis.The intensity of healthy behavior generally decreased from the center to the edges.With increased distance,the enjoyment of healthy behaviors decreased obviously.Some spaces,such as community activity spaces and community parks,produced aggregation effects on the healthy behaviors of the aged and drove aggregation intensity of the surrounding street spaces.The behavior space of physically active older people was characteristic of"multi-point spatial distribution,obvious differences in duration,and rich activities".This activity path distance fluctuated within 100～600 meters.The behavior space of physically retarded old people was characteristic of the"dominate role of near-home spaces,regular length of stay,and single type of activities",and most activity spaces were within a radius of 200 meters.For physically active older people,the promotion effect of the physical environment was significantly higher than the perceived environment and the social environment.The aggregation degree of activity space was the most effective indicator,with the proportion of activity space in the neighborhood making the highest contribution.In the perceived environment,comfort had the strongest facilitating effect,to which resting seats contributed the most.For physically retarded older people,the promotion effect of the perceived environment was more significant,and safety promoted their healthy behaviors the most.Specifically,the barrier-free access system made the biggest contribution to safety.For older people at different activity levels,neighborhood communication in the social environment could facilitate their healthy behaviors the most.Also,the perceived environment and social environment provided an obvious mediating effect on the healthy behaviors of physically retarded older people.The research results intuitively reflect the promotion type and intensity of built environmental elements of old residential communities in the healthy behaviors of older people at different activity levels.They provide some references for decision-making on accurate urban renewal planning.
built environmenthealth behaviors of old peopledifferences in mobilityold residential communitypromotion mechanisms
万方数据
