Objective To investigate the clinical features,diagnostic methods,treatment modalities,and prognosis of parathyroid multiglandular disease(PTMGD)in primary hyperparathyroidism(PHPT).Methods The clinical data of 29 patients with PTMGD who underwent surgery at the General Surgery Department of the Tian-jin Medical University General Hospital from Dec.2015 to Jul.2023 were retrospectively analyzed,including the patients'preoperative and postoperative blood calcium and parathyroid hormone,the main clinical manifestations,the involvement of other systems,the main types of pathology,the accuracy of the various examinations,and the postoperative prognosis,etc.,and were compared with the 291 patients who had undergone surgery for single-glan-dular lesion patients were compared.SPSS25 was used to analyze the data.Results The age of onset of PTMGD was 52.7±1.9 years compared to 56.6±0.7 years in patients with monoglandular disease,P=0.047.Tumor diameter of PTMGD was(2.05±0.1)cm and(2.34±0.6)cm of monoglandular disease,P=0.006.The preoperative blood calci-um was(2.56±0.59)mmol/L in PTMGD and(2.70±0.58)mmol/L in monoglandular disease,P=0.045.Preoperative parathyroid hormone(PTH),blood calcium,and Win values were positively correlated with maximum tumor diame-ter in patients with PTMGD(R-values of 0.362,0.223,and 0.352,respectively).Neck ultrasound,neck-enhanced CT and parathyroid nuclear imaging were used to localize and diagnose the diseased parathyroid glands in this group of cases.The accuracy rates were(14/25)56％,(10/19)53％and(11/24)46％in patients with PTMGD,while in pa-tients with monoglandular disease,the accuracy rates were(233/250)89％,(131/152)96％and(223/232)86％.PT-MGD accuracy rate was less than that of monoglandular disease,and was statistically significant(P-value was less than 0.001 in all cases).The accuracy of the combined localization diagnosis of the three tests in patients with PT-MGD was then improved to(13/18)72％.The pathology of PTMGD was predominantly parathyroid hyperplasia,45/72(63％),compared to that of monoadenopathy 18/291(6％),P＜0.001.Parathyroid adenomas predominated in pa-tients with monoadenopathy compared to that of PTMGD,237/291(82％)vs.24/72(33％),and the proportion of parathyroid adenomas in patients with monoadenopathy was higher than that in patients with PTMGD,P＜0.001.23 patients with PTMGD were followed up,of whom 9 showed mild elevation of parathyroid hormone postoperatively,and 1 patient showed signs of hypoparathyroidism.Conclusion The low age of onset of multiglandular lesions in primary hyperparathyroidism,mild biochemical tests,and the difficulty of accurately locating all lesions preopera-tively warrant adequate preoperative evaluation to promptly identify patients with familial multiple endocrine adeno-mas,as well as intraoperative bilateral parathyroid exploration in patients with suspected multiglandular lesions.
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