Eco-socialists draw upon Marxist ecological theory to critique the ecological crisis under capitalism from various dimensions,including the control of nature,economic rationality,alienated consumption,metabolic rift,and ecological imperialism.The ecological issues in traditional socialist countries are attributed to factors such as an emphasis on economic rationality,low levels of democra-tization,and the lack of market competition mechanisms.Based on these critiques,eco-socialists pro-pose the construction of an eco-socialist framework:replacing the ecological industrial revolution with an ecological social revolution;substituting ecological rationality for economic rationality;advancing ecological justice through social justice;promoting the socialization and planning of production;de-mocratizing social management;developing green science and technology;and fostering the union of labor movements and new social movements.Eco-socialism plays a significant role in advancing the global ecological movement.However,it is also essential to reflect on its limitations and boundaries,such as the constraints in critiquing economic rationality and alienated consumption,the limited ratio-nality of"weak"anthropocentrism,and the dual roots of the ecological crisis.
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