摘要
生态社会主义者吸收马克思主义的生态理论资源,从控制自然、经济理性、异化消费、新陈代谢断裂以及生态帝国主义等维度,批判了资本主义条件下的生态危机.传统社会主义国家的生态问题则被归因于经济理性导向、民主化程度较低、市场竞争机制缺乏等.在此基础上,生态社会主义者提出了构建生态社会主义的方案:以生态社会革命取代生态工业革命;以生态理性取代经济理性;由社会正义推进生态正义;实行生产的社会化与计划化;实行社会管理的民主化;发展绿色科学技术;推动劳工运动和新社会运动的联合.生态社会主义对于全球生态运动起着重大推动作用.同时,也应对其存在的问题和作用边界进行反思,比如经济理性和异化消费批判的限度、"弱"人类中心主义的有限合理性、生态危机的双重根源等.
Abstract
Eco-socialists draw upon Marxist ecological theory to critique the ecological crisis under capitalism from various dimensions,including the control of nature,economic rationality,alienated consumption,metabolic rift,and ecological imperialism.The ecological issues in traditional socialist countries are attributed to factors such as an emphasis on economic rationality,low levels of democra-tization,and the lack of market competition mechanisms.Based on these critiques,eco-socialists pro-pose the construction of an eco-socialist framework:replacing the ecological industrial revolution with an ecological social revolution;substituting ecological rationality for economic rationality;advancing ecological justice through social justice;promoting the socialization and planning of production;de-mocratizing social management;developing green science and technology;and fostering the union of labor movements and new social movements.Eco-socialism plays a significant role in advancing the global ecological movement.However,it is also essential to reflect on its limitations and boundaries,such as the constraints in critiquing economic rationality and alienated consumption,the limited ratio-nality of"weak"anthropocentrism,and the dual roots of the ecological crisis.
基金项目
中国社会科学院基础研究学者资助项目(XJ2020013)
NETL
NSTL
万方数据