德国法上无效行政行为的认定:理论演进和路径选择
Identification of Void Administrative Acts under German Law:Theoretical Evolution and Path Selection
严益州1
作者信息
摘要
关于无效行政行为的认定,我国行政法学界普遍认可的重大且明显违法标准源自德国法上的明显重大说.除明显重大说,德国法上还存在意思形成说、违法即无效说、个案式利益衡量说、客观重大说等对立见解.借由竞争性观点的批判性检验,重大且明显违法标准可以被不断改进.与之同时,概括规定与列举规定之间存在统一模式和混合模式之辩.我国采取统一模式,而德国原本采用统一模式,但是最终选择混合模式.经分析可知,两种模式各有利弊.统一模式的优点是体系性更强,缺点是难以消除概括规定与列举规定之间的适用冲突.混合模式的优点是实用性更强,缺点是牺牲概括规定与列举规定之间的积极融贯性.通过检讨两种模式的得失,概括规定与列举规定的紧张关系可以得到充分重视.
Abstract
With regard to the identification of void administrative acts,the generally accepted criterion of serious and evident violation of law in the Chinese academia of administrative law originates from the doctrine of"evident and serious"under German law.In addition to this doctrine,various opposing views exist under German law,such as the doctrine of"intention formation",the doctrine of"void in case of violation of law",the doctrine of"case-by-case weighing of interests",and the doctrine of"objective and serious",etc.Through the critical examination on these competitive views,the criterion of serious and evident violation of law can be perfected over time.Meanwhile,there is a controversy over the unified model and the hybrid model,in terms of general provisions and enumerated provisions.China adopted the unified model,while Germany originally adopted the unified model,but eventually opted for the hybrid model.Upon analysis,it can be seen that both models have advantages and disadvantages.As for the unified model,the advantage is that it is more systematic,while the disadvantage is that it is difficult to eliminate the conflicts between the application of general provisions and enumerated provisions.The hybrid model has the advantage of greater practicality and the disadvantage of lacking the active coherence between general provisions and enumerated provisions.By examining the gains and losses of both models,the tension between general provisions and enumerated provisions can be given adequate attention.
关键词
无效行政行为/重大且明显违法标准/统一模式/混合模式Key words
Void Administrative Act/Criterion of Serious and Evident Violation of Law/Unified Model/Hybrid Model引用本文复制引用
基金项目
国家社会科学基金一般项目(22BFX032)
出版年
2024
NETL
NSTL
维普
万方数据