Accurate pupil localization method considering recognition robustness and the influence of iris color
Accurate pupil localization is widely used in fatigue monitoring,attention analysis,gaze tracking,and other fields.Currently,there are two difficult problems in the research of pupil localization.(1)The accuracy of pupil detection is affected by image resolution,illuminance,and head pose,and thus the accuracy of localization under natural conditions is relatively low.(2)Iris color affects the accuracy of localization,but the current research on pupil localization methods for different iris colors is not perfect.To address these two problems,this study proposes a new pupil localization method for whole-face images.The proposed method requires no training and is directly used for pupil localization tasks.The core of the method is to combine the self-similarity score representing the local radial symmetry,with the gradient radiation score of the eye area calculated based on the gradient information between the pupil and the surrounding area,then take the peak coordinate of the joint score as the pupil center.The approach was on the BioID,GI4E dataset.At a normalized error ofe≤0.05,the accuracy is 94.67％(BioID)and 97.09％(GI4E),respectively.At a normalized error ofe≤0.10,the accuracy is 99.47％(BioID)and 99.51％(GI4E),respectively.The proposed approach on the self-made dataset composed of low-resolution dark iris facial images yields an accuracy of 98.66％(e≤ 0.05)and 100％(e≤ 0.10),indicating that the proposed approach has preferable robustness to iris color.
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