Research advance of the role of lipoxygenase in inflammation related diseases
Lipoxygenase(LOX)is a class of non-heme iron-containing dioxygenases that is widely expressed in human tissues,and its expression is particularly upregulated in activated immune cells and tumor tissues.LOX catalyzes the formation of hydroperoxides from long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids.These metabolites regulate the function of blood vessels,kidneys,reproductive system,and immune defense under physiological conditions.They also cause pain,fever,and inflammation under pathological conditions,and play an important role in various acute and chronic diseases.Currently,six LOX genes have been identified in humans,which can form different effector proteins through alternative splicing and protein modification.The six classes of lipoxygenases have different expression profiles,substrate preferences,and metabolites,resulting in different functional divisions.This review began with the distribution and metabolic characteristics of lipoxygenases,examined their relationship with inflammation related diseases,introduced the regulatory mechanism of lipoxygenases from the biochemical perspective,and explored the nutritional and clinical applications to regulate the products of lipoxygenases by targeting substrates and enzymes.
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