Effects of hesperidin,thymol,rosmarinic acid and their combination on intestinal antioxidant capacity and immune function of broilers
[Objectives]The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of hesperidin,thymol,rosmarinic acid,and their combined supplementation on the antioxidant and immune functions in broilers.[Methods]A total of 240 one-day-old Arbor Acres broilers were selected and randomly allocated into five groups,with six replicates per group and eight chickens per replicate.The control group received a basic diet(Con);the hesperidin group received a basic diet with an addition of 40 mg·kg-1 hesperidin(Hes);the thymol group had 40 mg·kg-1 thymol added to the basic diet(Thy);the rosmarinic acid group was supplemented with 20 mg·kg-1 rosmarinic acid in the basic diet(RA);and the combined group was given a basic diet with 40 mg·kg-1 hesperidin,40 mg·kg-1 thymol,and 20 mg·kg-1 rosmarinic acid(HTR).The trial lasted for 42 days.[Results]Compared to the Con group,the combined supplementation with three types of plant extracts significantly enhanced the bursa of fabricius index in broilers(P＜0.05),marked reductions in serum content of lipopolysaccharides(LPS),tumor necrosis factor-α,interferon-γ,interleukin-1β(IL-1 β),and immunoglobulin M(P＜0.05),significantly increased the mRNA relative expression levels of genes of cytokine signaling inhibitor 1(SOCS1),nuclear factor E2-related factor(Nrf2),NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1(NQO1),glutathione peroxidase 4(GPX4),superoxide dismutase 1(SOD1),and activities of catalase in the ileum mucosa(P＜0.05),significantly reduced malondialdehyde content in the ileum and cecal mucosa,and significantly increased the mRNA relative expression levels of SOCS1,Nrf2,SOD 1,GPX4 and activities of glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px)in the cecum mucosa(P＜0.05).Compared to the Con group,the Hes supplementation significantly decreased the content of LPS and IL-1β in serum(P＜0.05),significantly increased the mRNA relative expression levels of Nrf2 and SOCS1 in the ileum(P＜0.05),and enhanced the activities of GSH-Px(P＜0.05).The Thy supplementation significantly decreased contents of LPS and IL-1β in serum(P＜0.05),significantly increased the mRNA relative expression levels of Nrf2,NQO1 and SOCS1 in the ileum mucosa(P＜0.05),and significantly increased the mRNA relative expression levels of GPX4 and activity of GSH-Px in the cecum compared with the Con group(P＜0.05).The contents of LPS and IL-1β in serum significantly decreased,and the mRNA relative expression levels of Nrf2,NQO1,SOD1,SOCS1 significantly increased in the ileum mucosa compared with the Con group(P＜0.05).[Conclusions]The combined supplementation of Hes,Thy and RA in the diet of broilers enhanced the bursa of fabricius index,diminished LPS and cytokine levels in the serum,bolstered the immune capabilities of both the body and mucosa,and augmented the antioxidant defenses of the intestinal mucosa.
broilerhesperidinthymolrosmarinic acidantioxidant capacityimmune function
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