Spatiotemporal characteristics urban gales in Shanghai and correlative impact analysis based on real-time disaster data
In recent years,global warming has intensified extreme weather and climate events,significantly im-pacting urban areas.Shanghai,located in the eastern coastal region of China,is increasingly vulnerable to weather-related disasters.As a megacity,its urban operations are heavily influenced by these events,particularly gales,which pose severe threats to both infrastructure and public safety.Despite their impact,research on gales in Shang-hai has been limited by incomplete and inconsistent disaster data.Since 2007,the Shanghai Emergency Response and Coordination Center has shared weather-related alarm data with the Shanghai Center for Meteorological Dis-aster Prevention Technology.This data includes detailed information on the timing,location,and nature of disas-ters,enabling a more thorough analysis of the impacts of weather events on the city.Using hourly maximum wind speed data from Shanghai's automatic stations and real-time gale disaster data provided by the Shanghai Emergen-cy Response Coordination Center from 2008 to 2019,this study analyzes the spatiotemporal distributions of urban gales and their correlations with disasters.The findings are as follows:1)Gales and disasters exhibit significant seasonal variations,with force 8 gale days,maximum wind speeds,and disaster occurrences all peaking in summer.Summer gale days account for 41％of the year,and gale-related disasters constitute over 80％of the to-tal.Inter-annual fluctuations in disasters are pronounced,primarily influenced by extreme weather events.2)Differences in gales and disasters are evident between urban and suburban areas:I)Wind speeds are notably lower in downtown regions due to urbanization,while Chongming Island,Hengsha Island,and coastal areas south-east of Pudong experience significantly higher wind speeds due to funnel-shaped terrain effects.Ⅱ)The density of disaster cases is highest in the central city(up to 37 cases/km2)and remains relatively high in regional centers and sub-centers,with the number of disasters positively correlated with population density and GDP.Ⅲ)Housing-related damages are most prominent in downtown areas and their surroundings,while damages to trees and power lines are significant in Chongming District,and vehicle-related damages are prevalent in Jiading District and Songjiang District.3)Gale disasters in Shanghai can be categorized into four types:Jiang-Huai cyclone gales,thunderstorm gales,tropical cyclone gales,and cold air gales.Thunderstorm gales are the most frequent,while tropical cyclone gales are the most severe.Jiang-Huai cyclone gales impact a broad area of the city but are infre-quent,and cold air gales are the least severe.4)Trees and vehicles are the most common disaster-affected entities in strong wind events,followed by power lines and rain shelters.Gale disasters often trigger chain reactions.To ef-fectively prevent and mitigate gale-related disasters,it is crucial for the city to develop detailed emergency re-sponse plans and enhance cooperation among management departments.Future research should focus on establis-hing thresholds for gale disasters and creating risk warning products,thereby advancing the city's disaster manage-ment capabilities to a more sophisticated and efficient level.
Shanghaiurban galesreal-time disastersspatiotemporal distributiondifferences between urban and suburban areas
万方数据
维普
