"春秋礼崩说"的再认识
The Re-examination of the Ritual Disintegration from the Spring and Autumn Period
摘要
据现有史料记载,"礼崩"一词最早见于《论语·阳货》,此后常被用以描述春秋时期社会秩序的混乱,这使得"春秋礼崩说"逐渐成为学界共识.然而,目前该学说正遭受越来越多的学术质疑.可从以下三个方面来理解目前出现的质疑之声:首先,部分研究者误将"春秋礼崩说"中的"礼"视为一般社交活动的规范或准则,而非礼制——具有权威性并以制度形式确立的社交礼仪规范;其次,"礼崩"有一个渐进的过程,春秋时期相当长时间内,西周礼制尚存,因此易使人误认为西周礼制的存在即意味着"礼"未崩坏;最后,"春秋礼崩说"特指春秋时期西周礼制在微观层面的崩坏,而非宏观层面随时代演进的礼制变迁."春秋礼崩说"的再认识,不仅有助于弥合学界对此说的分歧,还能为进一步探索春秋时期的礼制文化提供重要参考.
Abstract
According to existing historical records,the term libeng(ritual disintegration)first appeared in Yanghuo(Chapter of 17 of The Analects).Subsequently,it has often been used to describe the social disorder during the Spring and Au-tumn Period(770-221 BC).Therefore,the view that the ritual disintegration started in the period gradually has become a scholarly consensus.However,this view is currently facing increasing academic scrutiny.The prevailing doubts can be under-stood from the following three perspectives.Firstly,there is a misconception that li in the ritual disintegration from Spring and Autumn period.It refers to norms or guidelines for general social activities,rather than the ritual system--authoritative social etiquette norms established in institutional form.Secondly,the process of the ritual disintegration was gradual.For a consider-able part of the Spring and Autumn Period,the ritual system in the Western Zhou Dynasty(1064-770 BC)still persisted,lead-ing to the erroneous assumption that of the ritual system in the Western Zhou Dynasty had existed.Consequently,it was im-plied that the ritual system had not collapsed.Thirdly,the ritual disintegration from Spring and Autumn Period specifically re-ferred to the micro-level disintegration of the ritual system in the Western Zhou Dynasty during the period,rather than macro-level ritual changes that evolved with the times.A re-examination of the ritual disintegration from Spring and Autumn Period not only helps to understand and resolve scholarly disagreements surrounding this view.The re-examination also provides an important reference for further exploring the ritual culture of the Spring and Autumn Period.
关键词
春秋时期/礼崩/西周礼制/再认识Key words
the Spring and Autumn Period/ritual disintegration/the ritual system in the Western Zhou Dynasty/re-ex-amination引用本文复制引用
出版年
2025
NETL
NSTL
万方数据