Abstract
Lead(Pb)and furan are toxic agents,and persistent exposure may impair human and animal reproductive function.We therefore explored the effects of Pb and furan on male rat hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal reproductive status,oxidative stress,inflammation,and genomic integrity.We found that co-exposure to Pb and furan reduced the activities of testicular function enzymes,endogenous antioxidant levels,total sulfhydryl group,and glutathione.Sperm abnormality,biomarkers of oxidative stress,inflammation,and p53 expression were increased in a dose-dependent manner by treatment with furan and Pb.Typical rat gonad histoarchitecture features were also damaged.Conclusively,co-exposure to Pb and furan induced male reproductive function derangement by decreasing the antioxidant defences in rats,increasing abnormalities in spermatozoa morphology,and reducing reproductive hormone in circulation.These pathophysiological alterations,if persistent,might provide a permissive environment for potentiating reproductive dysfunction and infertility.