Pictorial Narrative of the"China-Barbarian"Relationship in the Ming Dynasty from Western Perspective:An analysis of character illustrations in The Boxer Codex
The Boxer Codex was written in the late 1960s,recording the social landscapes and the characters of China with its neighboring countries during the Ming Dynasty from a Western perspective.It reflects Chinese participation and influence in Southeast Asia and the East Asian region.Taking its characters illustrations as the research subjects,this paper combines the research data on the exchanges between China and Southeast Asia and reveal the order of"China-Barbarian"relations among the indigenous,Chinese merchants and commoners,and Ming officials as well as the royals,then explains the observations and imaginations of the book's compilers respect to the different groups of people.
The Boxer Codexpictorial narrativeMing Dynastywestern perspective