Innovation Ecosystem Evolution and Value Co-creation Process Based on Technology Resources:A Study of iF-LYTEK
In the new wave of technological revolution,more and more emerging technologies(such as speech recognition technology,block-chain technology,etc.)are being applied in industrial development.Market entities based on technology resources,such as technology-based innovative enterprises and platform-based enterprises,as well as ecosys-tems formed around these market entities,are rapidly emerging and ex-ploding in China.Technical resources,as an important type of resource in the innovation ecosystem,assist in collaborative innovation among various entities within the system and play a significant role in influenc-ing the emergence and evolution of the innovation ecosystem.However,existing research lacks discussion on the intrinsic mechanisms underly-ing the evolution of innovation ecosystems based on technology resourc-es.Therefore,understanding how to construct these ecosystems,as well as how to effectively carry out technology research,development,and the transformation of technological achievements has significant theoretical value and practical value for guiding other enterprises and ecosystems.This article adopts iFLYTEK as a case study to investigate the construc-tion process of an innovation ecosystem.The study focuses on industries rich in technology resources,with the intelligent voice industry serving as a research background due to its continuous emergence of new tech-nologies and abundant resources.As a leading enterprise in this sector,iFLYTEK has leveraged its technological assets to establish an innovative"platform+track"ecosystem.Furthermore,as the core enterprise within this ecosystem,iFLYTEK fosters closely with its members,engaging in various value co-creation activities centering on technological resource development,openness,and other key aspects.Based on the theory of resource orchestration,we organized and coded primary and secondary materials to analyze the evolution of innovation ecosystems driven by technology resources.Our findings show that the different characteristics of technology resources in each stage of the evo-lution process require core enterprises to implement different resource orchestration strategies,following a sequence of"resource structuring,resource capability utilization,and resource leverage."Specifically,the evolution of innovation ecosystems based on technology resources can be divided into three stages:the technology accumulation stage,the tech-nology opening stage,and the technology enabling stage.Each stage fea-tures different technological characteristics that support unique resource orchestration methods and value co-creation models.In the technology accumulation stage,enterprises form an integrated value co-creation model through resource structuring,which is characterized by co-ed-itability,generativity,and evolution of technological resources.In the technology opening stage,where technological resources are accessible and affordable,enterprises enhance their technological transformation and service capabilities through resource capability utilization,leading to shared value co-creation.Finally,in the technology enabling stage,enter-prises form an empowering value co-creation model through the strategic leverage of resources at varying intensities,which is characterized by the embeddedness of technology resources.This article presents a theoretical model for the evolution of innovation ecosystems and value co-creation based on technology resources.This article has three theoretical contributions.Firstly,existing studies believe that value co-creation is the ultimate goal of innovation ecosys-tems,while this article argues that the construction process of innovation ecosystems is the evolution of different value co-creation models,which will accompany different value co-creation models at different stages of its development.Moreover,this article redefines the relationship be-tween innovation ecosystems and value co-creation from the perspective of time evolution,providing a new research perspective for exploring the construction process of innovation ecosystems.Secondly,previous studies have mostly explored the process of innovation ecosystems from a strategic or value perspective.This article focuses on the technological characteristics of innovation ecosystems at different stages,highlighting the role of technology resources in the evolution of innovation ecosys-tems and supplementing existing literature.Thirdly,this article sum-marizes the technological resource orchestration activities in different stages of the innovation ecosystem based on technology resources from the perspective of resource orchestration.It is found that when arranging resources,different actions need to be taken based on the characteristics of technology compared to traditional resources,which expands the re-search on resource orchestration theory.In terms of practical implications,this study offers several valuable insights.Firstly,the innovation ecosystems construction framework based on technology resources can serve as a reference for technology and innovation enterprises,platform enterprises,and startups aiming to build their own innovation ecosystems.Secondly,when developing such ecosystems,enterprises should prioritize the accumulation of core tech-nologies to establish competitive technological advantages.Finally,the findings underscore the importance of embracing diversity and exploring cross-domain approaches to unlock the full potential of technology re-sources and maximize their value.This article also acknowledges certain research limitations.Firstly,the case study focuses on iFLYTEK,a leading enterprise in the field of speech recognition.Future research could explore whether similar evolu-tionary mechanisms apply to other types of enterprises.Secondly,while examining the construction and evolution of innovation ecosystems based on technology resources,it primarily focuses on the orchestration of these resources.Other important factors,such as the ecological niche of core enterprises,are not fully addressed.Future studies could adopt more comprehensive theoretical perspectives to explore these additional dimensions.Thirdly,the relationship between technological accumula-tion and innovation ecosystems evolution is mutually reinforcing.Tech-nological accumulation drives ecosystem evolution,which in turn deep-ens enterprises'understanding of technological accumulation.Future research could further explore the dynamic interaction between these two processes.
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