Dynamic Evolution of Agricultural Rules in Regional Trade Agreements and Their Trade Effects:A Quantitative Study Based on 138 Agreements
Utilizing natural language processing methods,this study redefines and quanti-fies agricultural rules in Regional Trade Agreements(RTAs),examining their dynamic evo-lution and trade effects.Findings suggest RTA agricultural rules exhibit path dependency and tend towards a US-European template,with developed economies as predominant rule-makers.Despite limited progress within traditional multilateral rule frameworks,beneficial supplements exist outside these frameworks.The overall coverage of RTA agricultural rules is expanding,particularly in areas such as trade relief,dispute resolution,and intellectual property rights.Broader and deeper agricultural rules significantly enhance export promotion,especially clauses related to intellectual property,technical barriers,and sani-tary measures.Although US-European dominated RTA agricultural rules do not outperform other RTAs in trade promotion,developed economies often use these rules to boost agricul-tural exports and limit imports.Conversely,agricultural rules among developing economies promote mutual benefits.This study offers insights into the evolution of international agricul-tural rules,with implications for China's engagement in agricultural rule negotiations.
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