As global changes reshape earth's biodiversity and ecosystem structure,the complex interactions between plants and phyllosphere microorganisms have garnered increasing attention.This review synthesized re-cent research and examined how key drivers of global change-such as climate warming,nitrogen deposition,al-tered precipitation patterns,and elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide-impact the diversity,structure,and func-tional traits of phyllosphere microbial communities.These global change factors indirectly modified microbial community composition and function by affecting plant physiology,leaf traits,and secretions.Furthermore,the study identified a gap in understanding the mechanisms underlying plant-microbe-environment interactions.By providing new insights into the ecological consequences of global change,this review also offered critical guid-ance for developing effective conservation policies and agricultural management strategies.
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