摘要
生物结皮是公认的修复退化生态系统的"生态工程师",但对其在高寒矿区排土场的分布特点及其对土壤-植被的修复作用认知还不够深入,限制了其在高寒矿区生态修复中的应用.本文以宝日希勒露天煤矿排土场生物结皮为研究对象,通过野外调查与人工接种试验,研究了排土场生物结皮分布特征及人工培育生物结皮对土壤-植被系统的影响.结果表明:(1)以藓结皮为主的生物结皮是该区地表重要覆盖物,最大盖度达49%,分布特征受到地形、维管束植物种、栽植年限影响;(2)生物结皮在维持土壤颗粒结构组成(黏粉粒含量提高6%)和养分(全碳和全氮含量分别提高24%和10%)方面发挥不可替代的重要作用;(3)以藓为主的人工培育生物结皮材料(藻:藓=1:3～4)接种后,其在提高维管束植物生产力(草本生物量最大可提高21%)以及降低土壤侵蚀方面的作用(全碳、全氮和黏粉粒含量及pH值和电导率最大可分别提高20%、16%、1%、-3%和21%)不容忽视.因此,本研究为利用生物结皮促进高寒矿区排土场土壤-植被系统整体修复的思路与实施途径提供了一定的参考.
Abstract
Biocrust is recognized as an ecological engineer for the restoration of degraded ecosystem,but its distri-bution characteristics and restoration effect on soil-vegetation in dumping field of alpine mining area are still poorly understood,which has limited its application in these areas.In this paper,biocrust in dumping field of Baorixile open-pit coal mine was taken as the research objects.Through field investigation and artificial inoculation experi-ment,the distribution characteristics of biocrust in dumping field and the influences of artificial-cultivated biocrust on soil-vegetation system were studied,the results showed:(1)Biocrust dominated by moss crust was an important surface cover in this area,with a maximum coverage of 49.0%.Its distribution was affected by topography,vascu-lar plant species and planting time.(2)Biocrust played an irreplaceable role in maintaining soil particle composition and nutrients,which the content of clay powder particle was increased by 6%,the content of total carbon and total nitrogen was increased by 24%and 10%,respectively.(3)After inoculation with artificially-cultivated biocrust ma-terials(cyanobacterium:moss=1:3-4),it could improve the vascular plant productivity(the maximum increase of herbaceous biomass was 21%)and reduce the soil erosion(the maximum increase of total carbon,total nitrogen and clay powder particle content,pH value and electrical conductivity were 20%,16%,1%,-3%and 21%,respec-tively).Therefore,this study provided a reference for the ecological restoration idea and implementation approach of using biocrust as an intermediate state to promote the overall restoration of soil-vegetation system in dumping filed of alpine mining area.
基金项目
内蒙古自治区科技计划项目(2022YFDZ0036)
内蒙古自治区科技计划项目(2021ZD0041)
国能宝日希勒能源有限公司露天煤矿生物多样性、适应性调查研究项目()
国能宝日希勒能源有限公司2023年"政研课题"合作研究项目()
NETL
NSTL
万方数据