Correction of Deformed Craniometric Data of Late Hongshan Culture Inhabitants
In this study,we adjusted the craniometric data for occipital deformation from the Niuheliang and Tianjiagou sites using Shapiro's correction formula.Subsequently,we compared the data with biological distances between different groups by employing the Square of Mahalanobis Distances calculation method.Our findings suggest that the craniofacial morphological features of the late Hongshan Culture inhabitants closely resemble those of the Ancient Northeastern type inhabitants,indicating a close genetic relationship with the aboriginal populations of the Northeastern region.We also observed some similarity between the inhabitants of the Ancient Central Plains type and the Ancient Northern China type,potentially indicating genetic exchanges and cultural fusions with other populations during the development of the Hongshan Culture.Based on ancient DNA analysis and archaeological research,we conclude that the diversity of craniofacial morphology in the late Hongshan Culture reflects multi-ethnic exchange and integration.