摘要
[目的]探究土壤化学特征对不同草田轮作组合的响应.[方法]结合研究区作物种植习惯,选取 3种经济作物(玉米、向日葵、马铃薯)和 3 种饲草作物(苜蓿、谷草、高丹草)为研究对象,设置 5 个轮作组合(T1:苜蓿-向日葵-向日葵-马铃薯-玉米;T2:谷草-马铃薯-谷草-谷草-向日葵;T3:苜蓿-苜蓿-马铃薯-玉米-向日葵;T4:高丹草-马铃薯-玉米-向日葵-玉米;T5:马铃薯-谷草-向日葵-马铃薯-谷草),在内蒙古自治区包头市达尔罕茂明安联合旗开展种植试验,在 5 年的种植周期内比较分析不同轮作组合下 0～10、10～20、20～30 cm土层土壤主要化学特征的差异.[结果]在 0～10 cm土层,T4 组合的全氮、速效钾、无机碳、全硫含量显著(P＜0.05)高于其他组合;T3 组合的有机碳含量最高,显著(P＜0.05)高于T2、T4、T5 组合;T3 组合的碳磷比显著(P＜0.05)高于其他组合.在 10～20 cm土层,T4 组合的全氮、速效钾、全硫含量显著(P＜0.05)高于其他组合;T3 组合的有机碳含量、碳氮比、碳磷比显著(P＜0.05)高于其他组合.在 20～30 cm土层,T4 组合的速效钾、全硫含量显著(P＜0.05)高于其他组合;T3 组合的无机碳含量最高,显著(P＜0.05)高于T2 组合;T3 组合的碳磷比最高,显著(P＜0.05)高于T1、T2、T5组合.[结论]综合不同轮作组合对土壤养分含量的提升以及作物对土壤养分的吸收利用效率,推荐该区域采用苜蓿-苜蓿-马铃薯-玉米-向日葵(T3 组合)作为最优的草田轮作组合.研究结果可为优化该区域草田轮作制度、提高土壤可持续利用能力提供参考.
Abstract
[Objective]To investigate the response of soil chemical characteristics to various grass-crop rotation combinations.[Methods]In accordance with the crop planting practices in the study area,six crops were selected as research subjects:three economic crops(corn,sunflower,and potato)and three forage crops(alfalfa,millet straw,and sorghum-sudan grass).Five rotation combinations were established as follows:T1(alfalfa-sunflower-sunflower-potato-corn);T2(millet straw-potato-millet straw-millet straw-sunflower);T3(alfalfa-alfalfa-potato-corn-sunflower);T4(sorghum-sudan grass-potato-corn-sunflower-corn);and T5(potato-millet straw-sunflower-potato-millet straw).Field experiments were conducted over a five-year period in Darhan Muminggan United Banner,Baotou City,Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.The primary chemical properties of soil at depths of 0-10 cm,10-20 cm,and 20-30 cm were compared and analyzed under different rotation regimes.[Results]In the 0-10 cm soil layer,the T4 combination exhibited significantly higher(P＜0.05)levels of total nitrogen,available potassium,inorganic carbon,and total sulfur compared to other combinations.The organic carbon content was highest in the T3 combination and significantly higher(P＜0.05)than in the T2,T4,and T5 combinations.Additionally,the carbon-to-phosphorus ratio in the T3 combination was significantly higher(P＜0.05)than in other combinations.In the 10-20 cm soil layer,the T4 combination showed significantly higher(P＜0.05)levels of total nitrogen,available potassium,and total sulfur relative to other combinations.The T3 combination had significantly higher(P＜0.05)levels of organic carbon,carbon-to-nitrogen ratio,and carbon-to-phosphorus ratio compared to other combinations.In the 20-30 cm soil layer,the T4 combination demonstrated significantly higher(P＜0.05)levels of available potassium and total sulfur compared to other combinations.The inorganic carbon content was highest in the T3 combination and significantly higher(P＜0.05)than in the T2 combination.Furthermore,the carbon-to-phosphorus ratio in the T3 combination was the highest and significantly higher(P＜0.05)than in the T1,T2,and T5 combinations.[Conclusion]Based on the enhanced soil nutrient content from various rotation combinations and the improved efficiency of crop absorption and utilization of these nutrients,it is recommended to adopt the alfalfa-alfalfa-potato-corn-sunflower(T3 combination)as the optimal grass-crop rotation combination for this region.These findings provide a valuable reference for optimizing the grass-crop rotation systems and enhancing the sustainable use of soil resources.
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