On Zhu Xi's Distinction and Integration of"Ge Wu"Practice:A Study Centered on"Qiong Li","Ze Shan"and"Zhi Zhi"
Zhu Xi had different interpretations of"ge wu"(investigating things)according to different contexts.When he based on the phenomenal world,he thought"ge wu"was"qiong li"(exhausting principles),which aimed at clarifying the reasons and norms of things;when he based on the noumenal essence,he thought"ge wu"was"ze shan"(choosing goodness),which aimed at illuminating one's own nature endowed by Heaven as"ren yi li zhi"(benevolence,righteousness,propriety and wisdom);when he based on the manifestation of essence,he thought"ge wu"was"zhi zhi"(extending knowledge),which aimed at establishing a bright"zhu zai"(master)mind that could respond to things appropriately.In Zhu Xi's view,"zhi zhi ge wu,bian shi ze shan".(Extending knowledge by investigating things is choosing goodness.)Therefore,"qiong li","ze shan",and"zhi zhi"are different in name but identical in reality,and they can all be inte-grated into"ge wu".This can clarify Zhu Xi's work of"ge wu",which has both epistemological and ethical significance.
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