Preparation of activated carbon fibers/kapok needle-punched composite for the application of seawater evaporation
With the rapid increase in the human population,the demand for natural resources is rising,coupled with global climate change,especially in arid and inland areas where the demand for fresh water continues to grow.This study utilizes needle-punched nonwoven technology to prepare a fiber-based solar interface evaporator from activated carbon fiber(ACF)/kapok fiber(KF)double-layer composite felt(CKF).The hydrophobicity of the bottom KF layer ensures good self-buoyancy,while the hydrophilicity of the top ACF layer facilitates upward water transport.The influence of structural stability,hydrophilicity,and thermal management performance on the steam generation performance of the fiber-based solar interface evaporator was investigated,and its seawater purification capacity was explored.Different gram weights of kapok needled felt and activated carbon fiber felt were selected for needled composites.After process optimization,the needling density was set at 120 punches/m2,resulting in a solar absorption rate of over 95％in the 300-2 500 nm wavelength range.The study found that the composite material,reinforced with 200 g/m2 kapok needled felt and 278 g/m2 activated carbon fiber felt,exhibited the best vapor generation performance.Under 1.0 kW/m2 illumination,the evaporation efficiency reached 1.01 kg/(m2.h),the photothermal conversion efficiency was 65％,and the maximum temperature reached 64.6 ℃.The results provide new insights into the construction of high-efficiency solar water evaporators.
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