Copper Homeostasis and Cancer:Mechanisms and Therapeutic Applications
Copper is one of the essential trace metals in the human body,playing a key role in various biological processes,including redox reactions,enzymatic reactions,energy metabolism,and nutrient metabolism.The maintenance of copper homeostasis is crucial for the normal functioning of cells,as both copper deficiency and excess can lead to cellular dysfunction and disease.During tumor development,copper can influence cell prolif-eration and angiogenesis by regulating cellular metabolism and signal transduction pathways,thus contributing to tumor invasion and metastasis.This review aims to summarize the key processes involved in maintaining cop-per homeostasis,explore the mechanisms by which copper homeostasis disruption contributes to the regulation of key signaling pathways in human cancers,and introduce three copper homeostasis-targeting drugs currently applied in cancer treatment,analyzing their mechanisms and clinical potential.
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