Effects of Mixing Furfural Residue and Desulfurization Gypsum on Infiltration and Indicators of Saline-Alkaline Soils
This study investigates the effects of applying a mixture of furfural residue and desulfurization gypsum on the infiltration characteristics of saline-alkaline soils.Soil samples were collected from the 0 to 20 cm depth of saline-alkaline land at Nanliang Farm in the Xixia region of Yinchuan,Ningxia.Various amounts and ratios of furfural residue and desulfurization gypsum were added to the saline-alkaline soils.A one-dimensional infiltration experiment using soil columns was conducted to compare infiltration rates,wetting front advancement,cumulative infiltration amounts,and soil moisture characteristic curves under different treatment conditions:a mix ratio of 7∶3 at application rates of 0%(T0),2%(T1),4%(T2),6%(T3),and 8%(T4),a 5∶5 mix ratio at an application rate of 8%(T5),and a 3∶7 mix ratio at an application rate of 8%(T6).The aim was to analyze the influence of the mixed amendments on the infiltration of saline-alkaline soils and the subsequent improvement in salinity-alkalinity indicators after infiltration.The results indicated that both the Philip and Kostiakov models provided a good fit for the cumulative infiltration data,with determination coefficients exceeding 0.97.The power function effectively described the movement of the wetting front,with coefficients greater than 0.99.The Van Genuchten model fit the soil moisture characteristic curves well,with coefficients above 0.94.For treatments T0 to T4,as the application rate of the mixed amendment increased,the infiltration rate,cumulative infiltration amount,and the distance of wetting front movement decreased.The residual moisture content,saturated moisture content,and parameters in the Van Genuchten model decreased with increasing application rates of the mixed amendment.The order of soil suction at the same moisture content was T4>T3>T2>T1>T0.For treatments T4 to T6,with a constant application rate,increasing the proportion of desulfurization gypsum led to an increase in infiltration rate,cumulative infiltration amount,and wetting front movement distance.The residual moisture content and parameters in the Van Genuchten model increased with a higher proportion of desulfurization gypsum,while the saturated moisture content decreased.Both furfural residue and desulfurization gypsum improved the salinity-alkalinity indicators of the soil to a certain extent;with a constant application rate,a lower proportion of desulfurization gypsum resulted in a greater decrease in soil pH,while a higher proportion led to a greater reduction in alkalinity and total salt content.The mixed amendment exhibited a leaching effect on the saline-alkaline soil,significantly enhancing its water retention capacity with increasing application rates.The most significant improvement in salinity-alkalinity indicators was observed when the furfural residue to desulfurization gypsum ratio was 7∶3 at an application rate of 8%.
saline-alkali soilfurfural residuedesulfurized gypsumwater infiltrationNingxia Yellow River irrigation area
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