变量施药技术在提高农药利用率、实现有效的病虫害防控和降低环境风险方面具有巨大潜力和广阔前景.重点分析了变量施药的信息采集、喷雾决策和喷雾控制方式3 个重要环节,通过对比超声波传感器、视觉传感器和LiDAR(light detection and ranging)传感器的研究现状,指出传感器的精度和稳定性、实时响应和操作延时、系统集成和数据融合是主要挑战.在论述了当前所采用的GA(ground area)模型、TRV(tree row volum)模型和LWA(leaf wall area)模型的基础上,提出未来的研究应致力于提升传感器的精度和稳定性,并结合多学科方法改进喷雾模型,对国内外典型的变量喷雾技术进行介绍.旨在为变量施药技术的发展与推广提供一定的参考.
Current Situation and Prospect in Research of Variable Pesticide Application Technology
Variable pesticide application technology has great potential and broad prospects in improving the utilization rate of pesticides,realizing effective pest control and reducing environmental risks.Three important links including information collection,spray decision-making and spray control mode of variable pesticide application were analyzed.Based on the comparison of research status of ultrasonic sensor,vision sensor and LiDAR(light detection and ranging)sensor,it is pointed out that sensor accuracy and stability,real-time response and operation delay,system integration and data fusion are the main challenges.Based on the discussion of the ground area(GA)model,tree row volum(TRV)model and leaf wall area(LWA)model,it is proposed that the future research should focus on improving the accuracy and stability of the sensor,and improve the spray model with multidisciplinary methods.The typical variable spraying technology at home and abroad is introduced in order to provide some reference for the development and popularization of variable pesticide application technology.
Variable pesticide applicationField information collectionSpray decisionmakingPulse width modulation
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