Objective To observe degenerative changes and ultrastructure of the medial femoral condylar carti-lage in patients with knee osteoarthritis and varus deformity.Methods The femoral condyles of 55 knee os-teoarthritis patients with varus deformity who underwent artificial total knee arthroplasty from November 2018 to October 2021 were collected.The medial and lateral femoral condyles were divided into observation group and control group.The two groups were subjected to general observation,HE staining,Safranin O-fast green stain-ing,and observation under electron microscope.Results General observation showed that the articular surface of the femoral condyle in the observation group was not smooth,the color was dark,some cartilage was peeled off and the subchondral bone was exposed.HE staining observation showed that the chondrocytes were arranged ir-regularly,the tide line was disordered,and the subchondral bone plate was abnormally thickened.The degree of degeneration of the femoral condylar cartilage in the control group was relatively mild.Safranin O-fast green staining observation showed that the cartilage layer of the observation group has uneven coloring intensity,and the safranin staining was deeply stained around the clustered chondrocytes,and the cartilage surface was stained unevenly.Cartilage matrix and the number of cells reduced,and the boundary between the cartilage layer and the subchondral bone was unclear.Observed under scanning electron microscope showed that t he joint surface of the observation group was uneven,with a large number of bulges and fissures.The surface of the control group was relatively flat,showing that there were even cartilage particles scattered on the cartilage surface.Conclusion The changes in the calcified layer and subchondral bone in the femoral medial condyle joint of knee osteoarthritis and varus deformity play an important role in the pathogenesis and development of os-teoarthritis.
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