The human index finger to ring finger length ratio(2D∶4D)is one of the macro markers of prenatal exposure level and sensitivity to sex hormones(estrogen/androgen),with significant gender differences.Prenatal exposure to sex hormones has an impact on postnatal mental characteristics,motor ability and a variety of sex hormone-related diseases.In this paper,the research progress on the relationship between 2D∶4D and male re-productive system cancer(prostate cancer and testicular carcinoma)were reviewed for providing reference in-formation for early screening of such diseases.