Cardiac fibrosis is the key pathological change in the process of many cardiovascular diseases.The development of myocardial fibrosis is closely related to the inflammatory response,and macrophages are the main participants in the inflammatory response.Macrophages are highly plastic and heterogeneous,and polarize into different phenotypes under the stimulation of different microenvironment,namely classic activated M1 type and selective activated M2 type.In the early stages of cardiac injury,the proportion of M1 macrophages significant increases,mediates a strong immune-inflammatory response by releasing large amounts of inflammatory cytokines;As the disease progresses,the proportion of M2 macrophages increases,playing a role in anti-inflammatory,tissue repair,and promoting fibrosis.This paper reviews the origin of macrophages,the phenotypic changes and functional characteristics of macrophages,the role of different phenotypes of macrophages in the occurrence and development of myocardial fibrosis,and the progress of related signaling pathways.
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