Analysis of the Pathogenic Spectrum and Genetic Characterisation of Hand,Foot and Mouth Disease Pathogen Prevalence in Yinchuan from 2016 to 2022
Objective To analyze the pathogenic composition and characteristics of molecular etiology of coxsackievirus A4(CV-A4),coxsackievirus A6(CV-A6),coxsackievirus A10(CV-A10),and coxsackievirus A16(CV-A16)of enterovirus in cases of hand,foot and mouth disease(HFMD)in Yinchuan between 2016 and 2022.Methods The specimens were collected from HFMD surveillance cases in Yinchuan from 2016 to 2022.The enterovirus genotypes were determined by RT-qPCR assay.The VP1 regions of virus isolating strains were amplified by RT-PCR and sequenced.Sequences splicing were performed using biological software DNASTAR lasergene and the phylogenetic trees were constructed by software MEGA 7.0.Results A total of 2 492 HFMD cases were tested during the specified time period,resulting in the detection of 1 923 enterovirus nucleic acid positive samples,yielding an overall positive rate of 77.2％.Furthermore,12 different types of enterovirus were identified,and a significant difference in the distribution of enterovirus types by year was observed(P＜0.001).In Yinchuan,the CV-A4,CV-A6,CV-A10,and CV-A16 isolates were found to belong to the C2(Cluster Ⅲbranch),D3a,C,and B1a/B1b gene clusters,respectively.A comparison of their VP1 region sequences with the prototype revealed the presence of 8,32,24 and 26 amino acid site mutations,respectively.Conclusion Between 2016 and 2022,aco-circulation pattern of multiple enteroviruses was observed in HFMD cases in Yinchuan,with EV-A71,CV-A16,and CV-A6 being the dominant enteroviruses that underwent dynamic changes and alternate spread.Therefore,more comprehensive methods for genotyping enterovirus should be used to continuously monitor changes in the pathogenic spectrum.
hand,foot and mouth diseaseetiologygenetic characteristicsphylogenetic analysis
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