H 型立体栽培架是目前在生产中应用较广的一种草莓立体栽培装置。针对草莓立体栽培过程中产生的遮光和植株生长不良等问题，该研究提出将两层和三层的H型栽培架进行不同组合，通过在日光温室中设置两层+两层（T1）、两层+三层交替（T2）、三层+三层（T3）的H型栽培架的3种布置组合方式，比较不同组合处理下草莓的光照环境、生长及产量的差异。结果表明：T1上、下层草莓的光照条件最佳，T2次之，T3最差；试验期内，T1上层的草莓达到光饱和点（light saturation point，LSP）的时间比T2增加了40.0%，并且T1上、下层草莓达到光补偿点（light compensation point， LCP）的时间分别比T2中两层栽培架的上、下层增加了9.3%和21.3%；T1处理草莓的生长状况最佳。T1的单元产量最高，为50.8 kg，分别比T2与T3的单元产量提高了2.8%和33.7%。因此，日光温室内H型栽培架以两层与两层相邻的布置方式较适合用于草莓的立体栽培，可在生产中推广应用。
Effect of different combinations of H-type cultivation frames on light and strawberry growth and yield
In the process of facility horticulture cultivation, the model of three-dimensional cultivation has been paid more and more attention. “H” type cultivation frame is widely used in stereo-cultivation of strawberry at present. In practical applications, growers choose the different layers of cultivation for planting. The most common arrangement of planting frame is two or three layers, which way can reduce the costs with higher yields and benefits, we do not know now. Therefore, an experiment aimed to select a better combination of cultivation frame was performed in this study. In this experiment, three combinations of “H” type cultivating shelves were set up, namely, two-layer frames arranged adjacently (T1), two-layer frame and three-layer frame are alternately arranged (T2), three-layer frames are arranged adjacently(T3), to compare the light conditions, growth status and yield differences. The experiment was carried out in a solar greenhouse in Changping district of Beijing from August 2015 to April 2016. The length of the greenhouse is 100 m and the span is 8 m. Strawberry varieties is “Hong Yan”, planting date was August 29, 2015. Photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) of strawberry canopy and growth index were measured during the trial. Growth index include strawberry plant height and leaf chlorophyll relative content (SPAD), strawberry yield per plant, the number of fruits per plant, the average weight of fruit. Measured production time was three months. Results showed that under T1 treatment, the strawberries light conditions were the best of the upper and lower cultivars. During the experiment, the trend of light curves of the three cultivars in T2 and T3 were basically the same, but PPFD of the upper, middle and lower layers in T2 were higher than that in T3 corresponding position. During the experiment, the time length that light intensity at strawberry canopy reached light saturation point (LSP) of T2 upper layer was longer than that of T3 corresponding position; the time length of T2 middle layer reached the strawberry LSP was 240 min, and that of T3 middle layer was always below the LSP. In addition, the light intensity at strawberry canopy in the lower layer of T2 reached light compensation point was 230 min, and that of T3 lower layer was always below the light compensation point (LCP) all day. During the experiment, the time length that light intensity at strawberry canopy reached the LSP within two days of T1 and T2 were calculated, results showed that the time length reached LSP in T1 upper layer increased by 40% compared with that of T2. The time length of reaching at LSP in lower of T1 and T2 was 100 min and 0 min, respectively. The time length of reaching the LCP in the upper, lower layers of T1 increased by 9.3%, 21.4% compared with that of T2, respectively. Thus, the light environment of T1 was better than that of T2. Growth index of T1 strawberry was the best, yield per plant and the number of fruits per plant in T1 was higher than that of other treatments. Correlation indexes of strawberry yield were the worst in T3. During the test period, the yield per unit area of T1 was 50.8 kg, and the cost of T1 was the lowest in three treatments, yield per unit area of T1 was increased by 2.8%, 33.7% compared with that of T2 and T3, respectively. Therefore, strawberries of all two layers arrangement of “H” type cultivation frame got better lighting conditions, reduced costs and obtained better economic benefit. All two layers arrangement of “H” type cultivation frame (T1) was suitable for application in actual production.
国家科技期刊平台
NSTL
万方数据
维普
