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东北黑土区不同种类有机物料腐解特征及驱动因素分析

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  • 国家科技期刊平台
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有机物料高效还田是培肥黑土的重要途径,有机物料自身性质和腐解过程中的温度是影响有机物料腐解的关键要素.寒地黑土区不同种类有机物料的动态腐解过程及腐解影响因素的研究还较少.该研究通过在东北黑土区不同积温地点布设不同种类有机物料腐解田间联网试验,研究有机物料的动态腐解特征及主要影响因素.结果表明:1)有机物料自身性质存在明显差异,其中秸秆的碳氮比最高,有机肥最低,腐解指数变化趋势与碳氮比相反.2)经过720 d的腐解,6种有机物料的累积腐解率和累积释碳率具有明显的季节性和地带性变化规律.在积温较高的夏、秋季节累积腐解率和累积释碳率高于积温较低的春、冬季节;试验地点积温越高,累积腐解率和累积释碳率越大,从积温最低的黑河到积温最高的昌图,累积腐解率和累积释碳率分别增加了 15.8％～41.0％和47.8％～114.0％.不同有机物料的累积腐解率表现为作物秸秆＞菌糠＞畜禽粪便,累积释碳率与之相反.3)有机物料腐解的同时发生碳释放和氮富集过程,除海伦和黑河地区玉米和水稻秸秆经过720 d的腐解后碳氮比未降至25以下外,其余处理碳氮比均低于25,腐解效果较好.腐解残留率衰减方程可较好的拟合了有机物料的腐解过程,作物秸秆的腐解速率常数k(0.23～0.25)显著高于木耳菌糠(0.15)和畜禽粪便(0.08～0.13)(P＜0.05).结构方程模型表明,有机物料自身性质对腐解特征的贡献率高于试验地点的积温、腐解时间和土壤性质,是影响有机物料腐解最主要的驱动因素.
Decomposition and driving factor of organic materials in the black soil belt of Northeast China
Organic materials can often be high-efficiently incorporated into soils to enhance the fertility of black soil in Northeast China.The organic material and the temperature are the key influencing factors on the decomposition of organic materials.However,the low spring temperatures and slow decomposition rate of organic materials have limited to the large-scale production in modern agriculture.Only a few studies have been focused on the dynamic decomposition of organic materials in the black soil region.The influencing factors have been rarely defined to optimize the agricultural practices of organic materials incorporation into field for the soil fertility in this cold region.Therefore,this study aims to investigate the decomposition in the different kinds of organic materials,and the driving factors.A field experiment was performed on the decomposition network of organic materials.Six kinds of organic materials were taken from the five varied sites along the Northeast black soil belt.Then the structural equation modeling was constructed to quantify the contribution of the potential influencing factors.Finally,the main driving factor was identified.The study found that:(1)There were the significant differences in the organic materials with the highest carbon to nitrogen ratio(C/N)in three crop straws,whereas,the lowest C/N in the organic fertilizers.While the decomposition index showed the opposite trend as to C/N.(2)The cumulative rates of decomposition and carbon release in the six organic materials showed the outstanding seasonal and regional patterns after 720 days of decomposition.Namely,these rates were much higher in summer and autumn than that in spring and winter,indicating the higher cumulative temperature.Meanwhile,there was the increase with the high accumulated temperature at the test site.The cumulative rates of decomposition and carbon release increased by 15.8％-41.0％and 47.8％-1 14.0％,respectively,from Heihe City with the lowest cumulative temperature to Changtu County with the highest cumulative temperature.The cumulative rate of decomposition of different organic materials was ranked in the descending order of the crop straw＞fungal bran＞livestock manure;The cumulative rate of carbon release was in the descending order of the livestock manure＞fungal bran＞crop straw.(3)The decomposition of organic materials was accompanied with carbon release and nitrogen enrichment.All treatments seemed to achieve the optimal decomposition.Nevertheless,the C/N of maize straw and rice straw in Hailun and Heihe was remained above 25 after 480 days,due to the lower cumulative temperatures.The degradation equation of decomposition residual rate was used to fit the decomposition.And the rate constant of decomposition of crop straw(0.23-0.25)was significantly higher than that of fungal bran(0.15)and livestock manure(0.08～0.13)(P＜0.05).The structural equation model was established to clarify the relationship among soil properties,climatic factors,decomposition time and properties of organic materials.The decomposition features showed that the total degree of each factor were 80％and 75％,respectively,for the cumulative rates of decomposition and carbon release.And the properties of organic materials were contributed more than the rest factors.The degrees of explanation to cumulative rate of decomposition and carbon release were 44％and 35％,respectively,indicating the most important driving factor on the decomposition of organic materials.The finding can provide a theoretical basis and technical guidance for the efficient utilization of organic material resources,in order to optimize the agricultural management practices in the black soil region of Northeast China.

organic materialsdecomposition characteristicsdecomposition modeldriving factorsblack soil region of Northeast China

雷琬莹、滕培基、王博、李佳垚、李娜

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黑土地保护与利用全国重点实验室,中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所,哈尔滨 150081

中国科学院大学,北京 100049

有机物料 腐解特征 腐解模型 驱动因素 东北黑土区

吉林省自然科学基金项目中国科学院战略性先导科技专项子课题国家自然科学基金项目国家重点研发计划项目中国科学院前沿科学研究重点计划项目

YDZJ202201ZYTS517XDA28010301422773552021YFD1500105-1ZDBS-LY-DQC017

2024

10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.202312013

农业工程学报
中国农业工程学会

农业工程学报

CSTPCD北大核心
影响因子：2.529
ISSN：1002-6819
年,卷(期)：2024.40(13)