Effects of different proportions of loss-control urea on properties of fluvo-aquic soil and wheat yield in north China
In this study,effects of loss-control urea ratio on the nutrients of fluvo-aquic soil and crop yield in north China under straw returning and non-returning conditions were evaluated.The wheat-maize rotation system in fluvo-aquic soil in north China was used in this experiment.The design of splitting plots was adopted,with straw returning as the main area and loss-control urea ratio as the sub-area.Two methods of straw returning were adopted:straw returning and non-returning,expressed as S1 and S0,respectively.Additionally,five treatments were set up for no fertilization(CK)and different loss-control urea ratios which were 0,40%,70%,and 100%of the total nitrogen application(LCU0,LCU40,LCU70,and LCU100),respectively.Crop yields were measured and 0-20 cm of topsoil was collected for routine soil chemical property measurements after harvest.The results showed that compared with the S0 treatment,the S1 treatment significantly increased soil organic matter and available potassium contents.Loss-control urea significantly increased soil nitrate nitrogen content.Other soil chemical properties also increased,but the difference was not significant.Under the condition of straw not returning to the field,the application of chemical fertilizer significantly reduced the soil pH.When the ratio of loss-control urea was 70%,the soil nutrients were greatly improved.No significant effect of straw returning to the field was observed on wheat yield and nitrogen uptake,but loss-control urea had a significant effect on wheat grain yield,straw yield,total nitrogen content,and total nitrogen uptake.The grain and straw yields of the S1-LCU40 treatment were the highest under different treatments,with a grain yield of 7 009.26 kg·hm-2,and a straw yield of 11 361.38 kg·hm-2.Straw returning had significant effects on soil nitrogen dependence rate,and different proportions of loss-control urea had significant effects on nitrogen harvest index,apparent nitrogen recovery efficiency,and nitrogen dependence rate.The best nitrogen absorption and utilization index was 40%or 70%.Overall,in the North China Plain,straw return to soil and 40%loss-control urea could significantly increase soil nitrogen supply,wheat yield,and index of nitrogen uptake and utilization,which constitutes a more appropriate management measure,but its mechanism and long-term effect need to be further studied.
loss-control ureastraw returningsoil nutrientsnitrate nitrogengrain yieldnitrogen use efficiency
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