Organic and inorganic composition of three typical pyrolytic liquids and their effect on capsicum growth with foliar fertilization
The organic and inorganic composition of pyrolytic liquids derived from biomass pyrolysis and their effects on plant growth with foliar fertilization are insufficiently understood.Particularly,whether there is a link between the composition and effect on plant growth and their property of feedstock and of pyrolysis conditions remains unknown.In this study,three typical pyrolytic liquids derived from pyrolysis of apple branches,maize shoots,and rice husks were selected,the mineral elements and organic molecular composition as well as dissolvable organic carbon content were analyzed using volumetric analysis and GC-MS mass spectroscopy.Subsequently,the liquids were used to formulate liquid fertilizers with consistent amounts of major mineral nutrients(N-P2O5-K2O+DOC,35%+10%).Then,a field demonstration experiment with foliar spraying on capsicum was conducted in a vegetable farm near Nanjing.The field experiment included 5 treatments of no foliar fertilizer(CK,clean water only),commercial foliar fertilizer(WSF),and foliar fertilizer with pyrolytic liquids of rice husk(RF),maize shoots(CF),and apple branches(AF).When the capsicum was ripe,fruit yield was measured and plant samples were collected for quality assessment.The results showed that the pyrolytic liquids varied not only in organic and inorganic contents but also in organic molecule abundances.The dissolvable organic carbon pool was dominated by organic acids and phenolic compounds with varying amounts of ketones,aldehydes,and esters.In pyrolytic liquids derived from pyrolysis of apple branches and rice husks,organic acids and phenolic compounds were the most abundant,respectively.However,all liquid fertilizers with pyrolytic liquids promoted capsicum growth and improved plant quality.Among them,the AF treatment was the best,followed by CF,RF and WSF treatments.Compared with CK,all the foliar spraying treatments increased the capsicum yield(over 35%on average)and AF treatments increased by 62%.Particularly,the number of fruits,leaf area,and SPAD of a single capsicum plant was significantly increased by 54.73%,26.99%,and 19.67%,when sprayed with fertilizers containing AF over those containing CK.Similarly,all the foliar spraying treatments increased the size of capsicum fruit(over 25%)and the content of soluble sugar and capsaicin(20%on average)as well as soluble protein(5%).Moreover,AF treatment exerted the most significant improvement in capsicum growth and quality parameters among the studied foliar fertilizers,the content of soluble sugar,soluble protein,Vitamin C,capsaicin and dry matter were increased by 6%-30%.Overall,the effect of the pyrolytic liquids-based foliar fertilizers on capsicum plant growth and quality was related to the abundance of organic acids of low molecular weight and antioxidant phenols than to that of mineral nutrients.
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