Construction and empirical evidence of panoramic carbon flow model at rural household scale
Rural household-scale carbon studies are significant for the development of elaborated rural carbon governance strategies and achievement of sustainable development goals.In this study,we used the material flow analysis method to construct a panoramic carbon flow model at household scale,put forward the concepts of natural boundary,social boundary,and economic boundary,and divided household activities into production,business,and living activities.On this basis,the material and carbon flow between the activities within a boundary and the external system was built.Furthermore,an evaluation index system of household carbon flow was constructed using structure and efficiency indexes to measure household carbon emission and its value.This empirical investigation was conducted at a typical agricultural and part-time home in Zibo City of Shandong Province.The findings show that household carbon emissions are mostly caused by energy usage,and the emissions from each source vary substantially.The carbon emissions of household input and output processes were 44 637 kg and 4 558 kg,respectively,the carbon sink of carbon sink process was 547 kg,and the potential carbon emissions of recycling process was 1 216 kg.Carbon emissions from input processes are much higher than those from output processes,and carbon sinks and recycling processes reduce carbon emissions relatively less.Household carbon recycling rate,household carbon efficiency,and per capita carbon emission were 21.0%,3.6 yuan·kg-1,and 12 162 kg,respectively.Although the level of household carbon emissions is not high,there is still a large potential for emission reduction in households.Therefore,the main focus of household energy research should be to optimize and modify the consumption structure,select low-carbon energy goods,and promote a low-carbon and green lifestyle.Specifically,food waste generated from business activities should be categorized as waste,and green infrastructure should to be reinforced.Meanwhile,vertical greening of restaurants and other service industry buildings should be increased,which will not only beautify the landscape but also increase the carbon sink of households to promote green development.
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