Let It Be or Impose Intervention:Based on the Effect of Shell Cooperatives on the Development of Farmer Cooperatives
In recent years,the existence of shell cooperatives has drawn attention of both practitioners and scholars.Using a comprehensive data set of farmer cooperatives from 2014 to 2020,this paper explores strategies to identify shell cooperatives,maps the development of shell cooperatives,and examines the impacts of shell cooperatives on the performance and development of farmer cooperatives at both individual and regional levels.The results show that the existence of shell cooperatives has a negative effect on the performance of normal cooperatives.These effects are heterogeneous across geographical areas,industries,and densities of shell cooperatives.Specifically,the negative impacts of shell cooperatives on normal cooperatives are more pronounced in central and western China where market mechanisms are relatively less well-developed,in labor-intensive crop farming,and in areas with higher rates of shell coopera-tives.Empirical analysis at regional level shows that the existence of shell cooperatives does not negatively influence the inclusion of farmers in cooperatives.
Farmer cooperativesShell cooperativesNormal cooperativesCooperative per-formanceHigh-quality development
万方数据
