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微藻生物燃油开发的下游加工技术现状与发展分析

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  • 国家科技期刊平台
  • NETL
  • NSTL
  • 万方数据
  • 维普
全生命周期评价认为沿用微藻生物质干燥、破壁、提油、转酯化工艺制备的生物柴油,其能量净产出为负值.把高含水率的微藻生物质通过厌氧发酵制备甲烷、制氢或者用于燃料乙醇的生产,被认为是目前可以获得正能量输出的可行方法,其中包含沼液中营养物质的循环利用.通过超临界水热裂解方法制备合成气、生物燃油或微藻生物质经过干燥后采用常规热裂解、微波辅助热裂解等方法制备生物燃油均被广泛试验,尽管所收集得到的藻类生物燃油高热值高于木质纤维素类裂解所生产的生物燃油,但是其含氮量、含氧量、稳定性都仍不符合液态燃料的要求.亚临界水处理高含水率微藻生物质可以实现低能耗脱水、提油、脱氮、多糖分离提取、藻油原位转化生物柴油等多重目的,是近期内最可能取得突破的微藻生物燃油下游加工技术.微藻生物质湿法酶解提油的反应条件比亚临界水处理方法更温和,可以很好地分离油脂、细胞色素、蛋白质以及多糖等微藻组分,实现高附加值的综合利用,是未来微藻生物质高效综合利用最有前途和最具挑战性的研发方向;而微藻油脂或其脂肪酸皂化物微波极化脱羧成烃技术产业化研究是微藻生物燃油开发迈向成功的关键所在.
Development of Downstream Processing Technology for Microalgae Biofuel
Life cycle assessment of biodiesel produced from microalgae showed that the pure energy output was negative by the route of biodiesel (FAME),if the biodiesel was produced from high moisture content microalgae slurry by dry,cell disruption,solvent extraction of lipids,and transesterification.Therefore,passive choices are that mathane or bioethanol is obtained by anerobic digestion of microalgae slurry or their hydrolysate,or microalgae based bio-oils are obtained by fast pyrolysis and microwave assisted pyrolysis of dried microalgae biomass,or microalgae based bio-oils or syngas by hydrothermal treatment of microalgae slurry.Although the high heating value (HHV) of microalgae based bio-oils are much higher than lignocellulosic bio-oils,it can still not meet the demand of transportation liquid fuel due to its high nitrogen content,high oxygen content and instability.Possessing superiority of dehydration,oil extraction,protein and polysaccharide separation,or even in situ biodiesel production from high moisture content microalgae slurry,subcritical water treatment may become the prior research field of downstream processing technology for microalgae biofuels today.The most challenging research field is to know how to extract lipids,separate cytochrome,protein,polysaccharide from high moisture content microalgae slurry simultaneously under very mild reaction condition of enzymolysis,so that most of the functional components of the microalgae will be saved for value added comprehensive utilization.Last and key technology that may guide microalgae fuel to commercialization is how to manufacture renewable and high quality hydrocarbon diesel effectively from microalgae oil or its soap by microwave polarization decarboxylation.

Microalgae biomassBiodieselDownstream processingPyrolysisSubcritical waterMicrowave decarboxylation

刘玉环、王应宽、王允圃、杨欢、巫小丹、阮榕生

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南昌大学食品科学与技术国家重点实验室,南昌330047

农业部规划设计研究院,北京100125

南昌大学生物质转化教育部工程研究中心,南昌330047

明尼苏达大学生物产品与生态系统工程系,圣保罗MN55108

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微藻生物质 生物柴油 下游加工 热裂解 亚临界水 微波极化脱羧成烃

国家自然科学基金资助项目国际科技合作计划资助项目国家高技术研究发展计划(863计划)资助项目江西省科技战略性新兴产业研发项目江西省教育厅科技落地计划资助项目江西省科技重大专项资助项目食品科学与技术国家重点实验室专项资助项目

212660222010DFB637502012AA021704、2012AA1018002013AFC30044KJLD120112012ABG04103SKLF-ZZB-201312

2014

10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2014.03.027

农业机械学报
中国农业机械学会 中国农业机械化科学研究院

农业机械学报

CSTPCDCSCD北大核心EI
影响因子：1.904
ISSN：1000-1298
年,卷(期)：2014.45(3)
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