Possible effects of conservation tillage on yield level and its stability of spring maize in Northeast China
[Purpose]Under the background of global climate change,Northeast China mainly presents the trend of climate warming and drying,and conservation tillage is an important adaptation measure for agriculture to climate change.Exploring the possible effects of four major conservation tillage measures(straw mulching,no-tillage,no-tillage+straw mulching,and subsoiling)on the high and stable yield of maize in Northeast China can provide a scientific reference for the promotion and application of conservation tillage at the regional scale.[Method]In this study,using the changes of soil temperature and humidity during the growing season mediated by conservation tillage as the starting point,the APSIM-Maize model was used to evaluate the possible effects of conservation tillage on the yield level and its stability of maize in Northeast China from 1988 to 2017.[Result]Compared with conventional tillage,the maize yield in Heilongjiang and Jilin under conservation tillage decreased by 262 kg/hm2 and 119 kg/hm2,respectively,and the yield variation coefficient decreased by 0.03 and 0.06,respectively.The maize yield in Liaoning and Inner Mongolia increased by 452 kg/hm2 and 2 458 kg/hm2,respectively,and the yield variation coefficient decreased by 0.08 and 0.25,respectively.The yield of each research site decreased in the east and increased in the west,and the increase was greater than the decrease.The coefficient of variation of yield decreased more than the increase,and the overall trend was downward.The proportion of the highest stable area and the high stable area in the study area decreased from 45.63%to 37.41%,and the yield per unit area decreased by 64 kg/hm2 and 57 kg/hm2,respectively.The proportion of the applicable area in the study area decreased from 27.16%to 18.84%,and the yield per unit area increased by 515 kg/hm2,while the proportion of the sub-high stable area increased from 27.21%to 43.76%,and the yield per unit area increased by 860 kg/hm2.Compared with conventional tillage,the overall yield of maize in Northeast China increased under the four conservation tillage measures,and the coefficient of variation of yield decreased.The area of the highest stable area and the applicable area decreased,and the area of the sub-high stable area increased.The area of the high stable area increased under"no-tillage and straw mulching"and subsoiling measures,and decreased under straw mulching and no-tillage measures.[Conclusion]Under conservation tillage,the maize yield in Liaoning and Inner Mongolia increase significantly.At the same time,the coefficient of variation of yield decreases.Therefore,the overall yield level and stability of Northeast China increases under the conservation tillages.In Heilongjiang province,subsoiling measures can be adopted,and in Jilin province,straw mulching and"no-tillage and straw mulching"have good effect of increasing and stabilizing yield,while Liaoning and Inner Mongolia have higher and more stable yield than traditional tillage under the four conservation tillage measures,and appropriate conservation tillage measures should be implemented according to the local environment.
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