首页|In Situ Mineralization of Biomass-Derived Hydrogels Boosts Capacitive Electrochemical Energy Storage in Free-Standing 3D Carbon Aerogels
In Situ Mineralization of Biomass-Derived Hydrogels Boosts Capacitive Electrochemical Energy Storage in Free-Standing 3D Carbon Aerogels
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Here,a novel fabrication method for making free-standing 3D hierarchical porous carbon aerogels from molecularly engineered biomass-derived hydrogels is presented.In situ formed flower-like CaCO3 molecularly embedded within the hydrogel network regulated the pore structure during in situ mineralization assisted one-step activation graphitization(iMAG),while the intrinsic structural integrity of the carbon aerogels was maintained.The homogenously distributed minerals simultaneously acted as a hard template,activating agent,and graphitization catalyst.The decomposition of the homogenously distributed CaCO3 during iMAG followed by the etching of residual CaO through a mild acid washing endowed a robust carbon aerogel with high porosity and excellent electrochemical performance.At 0.5 mA cm-2,the gravimetric capacitance increased from 0.01 F g-1 without mineralization to 322 F g-1 with iMAG,which exceeds values reported for any other free-standing or powder-based biomass-derived carbon electrodes.An outstanding cycling stability of～104％after 1000 cycles in 1 M HClO4 was demonstrated.The assembled symmetric supercapacitor device delivered a high specific capacitance of 376 F g-1 and a high energy density of 26 W h kg-1 at a power density of 4000 W kg-1,with excellent cycling performance(98.5％retention after 2000 cycles).In combination with the proposed 3D printed mold-assisted solution casting(3DMASC),iMAG allows for the generation of free-standing carbon aerogel architectures with arbitrary shapes.Furthermore,the novel method introduces flexibility in constructing free-standing carbon aerogels from any ionically cross-linkable biopolymer while maintaining the ability to tailor the design,dimensions,and pore size distribution for specific energy storage applications.
biomasscarbon aerogelsustainable energy materialsfree-standingsupercapacitors
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