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裂隙影响下的微润灌水分运移和分布规律

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  • 国家科技期刊平台
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为研究裂隙发育对微润灌水分运移和分布特征的影响规律，进行了室内土箱水分入渗试验。通过人造裂隙方式，设置不同裂隙间距(6，8 cm)和裂隙深度(5，10，15 cm)处理，同时以无裂隙处理(CK)为对照，测定了入渗过程中入渗量变化、湿润体形态演变和入渗结束时水分分布特征。结果表明:裂隙对微润灌水分入渗速率基本无影响，各处理之间累积入渗量随入渗时间变化趋势接近，最终累积入渗量差异不显著。裂隙改变湿润体形态演变和水分分布特征，湿润锋到达裂隙区域后，在裂隙毛管阻隔效应影响下，水分水平运动受到抑制，向上运动得到加强，最终导致湿润体上部呈近似矩形、下部呈近似椭圆，剖面水分分布呈指状特征。裂隙深度对湿润体规则度、湿润锋向上运移距离和灌后水分分布均匀度影响显著，而裂隙间距对其影响不显著。相比CK，裂隙深度 15 cm 时湿润体分散度约增加了 34。5%，湿润锋最终向上运移距离约增加了12。9%，水分分布均匀度约降低 27。5%。综合考虑，在微润灌实际应用过程中应控制田间裂隙深度发育，以降低其不利影响。
Water migration and distribution rules of moistube irrigation under influence of cracks
In order to study the influence of crack development on water migration and distribution characteristics of moistube irrigation,an indoor soil box water infiltration test was conducted.Through artificial cracks,different crack spacing(6 and 8 cm)and crack depths(5,10 and 15 cm)were set up.At the same time,the no crack treatment(CK)was used as a control to measure the changes in infiltration amount and morphological evolution of wetting bodies and water distribution characteristics at the end of infiltration.The results show that cracks have basically no effect on the water infiltration rate of moistube irrigation.The cumulative infiltration amount between treatments has a similar trend with the infiltration time,and the final cumulative infiltration amount is not significantly different.The cracks change the morphological evolution and water distribution characteristics of the wetting body.Af-ter the wetting front reaches the crack area,under the influence of the capillary barrier effect of the crack,the horizontal movement of water is inhibited and the upward movement is strengthened.Even-tually,the upper part of the wetting body is approximately rectangular and the lower part is approxi-mately elliptical,and the moisture distribution in the profile shows finger-like characteristics.The crack depth has a significant impact on the regularity of the wetting body,the upward migration dis-tance of the wetting front,as well as the uniformity of water distribution after irrigation,while the im-pact of the crack spacing is not significant.Compared with CK,when the crack depth is 15 cm,the dispersion of the wetting body increases by about 34.5%,the final upward migration distance of the wetting front increases by about 12.9%,and the moisture distribution uniformity decreases by about 27.5%.In the practical implementation of moistube irrigation,it is essential to carefully manage the depth of cracks in the field to mitigate any negative consequences.

moistube irrigationsoil crackswater infiltrationwetting bodywater distribution

齐伟、和玉璞、纪仁婧、麦紫君、王策、江晓星

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南京水利科学研究院,江苏 南京 210029

河海大学农业科学与工程学院,江苏 南京 211100

南京江宁湖熟街道水务站,江苏 南京 211121

微润灌 土壤裂隙 水分入渗 湿润体 水分分布

中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项国家自然科学基金国家自然科学基金江苏省自然科学基金江苏省水利科技项目江苏省水利科技项目水利部数字孪生流域重点实验室开放研究项目

Y923001Y9230035210905351879071BK2023012620210522023030Z0202042022

2024

10.3969/j.issn.1674-8530.23.0196

排灌机械工程学报
中国农业机械学会排灌机械分会,江苏大学流体机械工程技术研究中心

排灌机械工程学报

CSTPCD北大核心
影响因子：1.055
ISSN：1674-8530
年,卷(期)：2024.42(2)
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