Protecting the water environment and preventing water pollution are the basic requirements of ecological civilization construction in the new era.In response to the high incidence of sudden water pollution,relevant departments need to conduct emergency monitoring of water pollution to quickly determine the causes of pollution,investigate the sources,types,and degrees of pollution,strengthen water pollution control,and control the losses caused by sudden water pollution to a minimum.Therefore,based on the characteristics of sudden water pollution,this article analyzes the importance of emergency monitoring for sudden water pollution,and studies the quality assurance measures in the process of emergency monitoring for water pollution,highlighting the value of emergency monitoring for sudden water pollution and laying a solid foundation for emergency management of water pollution.