The Evolution of American Ecocriticism as Viewed Through the Lens of the Perspective of Pastoral Metaphor
Since the 1960s,American ecocriticism has evolved through three stages,beginning with an em-phasis on pastoral narratives in nature writing."Pastoral",as the origin of eco-critical discourse,carries multiple implications and has decisively shaped Within the idealized imagination of the pastoral,the wilderness in its primitive natural form enters the literary horizon,with Americans attempting to find national identity in the swing between wilderness and civilization.At the same time,however,"pas-toral"as a gendered landscape,within narratives centered on male gaze,has also obscured the conquest of colonization and the unfair distribution of the environment.With the inclusion of feminism,post-colonialism and environmental justice in the scope of ecological criticism,the American pastoral myth of a"reclaimed paradise"has been shattered,national literary boundaries have been further expanded,and the locally rooted"pastoral"style has been oriented towards a broader world.
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