摘要
康德在其生前未正式出版的《<判断力批判>第一导论》和正式出版的《判断力批判》的"导论"中,把实践分为"技术性"与"道德性"两种性质,体现了其实践哲学的深度和预见.技术概念作为艺术与自然类比的中介具有重要的美学意义.两种不同性质的实践在意志的目的性上的区别,使其在世界美生过程中具有不同的作用.在技术决定论和技术理性主义造成严重生态问题的今天,康德这一观念彰显出极富远见的生态批判意义:一是揭示了技术的双刃剑本质,使人们警惕技术的非道德性后果可能造成的生态灾难;二是有助于深入认识实践意志所蕴含的人性的生态结构,遏制和避免把技术智能片面市场化的反生态恶果;三是指出了作为实践对象的现象界与世界本体之间的关系,肯定了将敬畏宇宙整体作为存在本体的根本性的生态意义;四是强调了美所包含和象征的道德精神,昭示了从生态美学视角审视技术理性主义的重要意义.
Abstract
Kant,in both the unpublished First Introduction to the Critique of Judgment and the officially pub-lished"Introduction"of Critique of Judgment,divides practice into two types:"technological"and"moral".This distinction reflects the depth and foresight of his practical philosophy.The technological concept as a mediator between art and nature holds significant aesthetic importance.The distinction be-tween the two types of practice concerning the purpose of the will endows them with different roles in generating beauty in the world.Today,as technological determinism and rationalism have led to severe ecological issues,Kant's concept highlights its profound and far-sighted ecocritical significance.Firstly,it reveals the double-edged nature of technology,warning people about the potential ecological disasters that may result from its non-moral consequences.Secondly,it helps people deeply understand the ecological structure of human nature inherent in practical will,curbing and preventing the anti-ecological conse-quences of the one-sided marketization of technological intelligence.Thirdly,it points out the relationship between the phenomenal world,as the object of practice,and the noumenal world,urging people to re-vere the cosmos as the fundamental ecological significance of existence.Fourthly,it emphasizes the moral spirit embodied and symbolized by beauty,highlighting the importance of examining technological ratio-nalism from the perspective of ecological aesthetics.
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