摘要
编者按:成都大学曾永成教授是国内生态美学研究的代表性学者.他自20世纪80年代初开始正式学习和研究美学,先是由狄德罗"美在关系"说的辨析注意到"关系"思维的重要性,进而主张以"系统"思维进行美学研究.1982年发表论文《运用系统原理进行审美研究试探》,主要阐释马克思的美学思想,认为其"自然向人生成"说作为对自然-人大系统的整体质的概括,是真、善、美三大价值的总根源.继而他又将中国传统美学的"气韵"说与现代量子力学的"波粒二象"说相融合,认定"节律感应"为审美活动的本体特性.1980年代末,他以"节律感应"为核心范畴,与"自然向人生成"说相结合,建构具有生命美学性质的"感应论审美观",先后在其主编的著作《以美育美》(1989年)和专著《感应与生成》(1991年)中予以阐述.1990年代末,他开始以"生态"思维阐释"自然向人生成"说,揭示其基于生成本体论的人本生态观,在此基础上提出以"节律感应"为核心范畴的人本生态美学的理论构想,实践把美学生态学化的主张.其专著《文艺的绿色之思——文艺生态学引论》(2000年)阐述了人本生态美学的基本学理,《回归实践论人类学》(2005年)则从马克思哲学人类学的视角对之加以整合.2007年退休后,他集中精力研读杜威,从中发掘其生态思维内涵,以寻求人本生态美学的学理支撑,先后发表论文近20篇,于2018年出版《杜威经验论美学的生态精神研究》(合著).自2014年开始,他研读怀特海的有机宇宙论哲学,先后写成《向美而生的世界》(待出版)和《向美而生的人》(2022年).怀特海对世界美生本质的深入论述,为美学展开了美生本体论的崭新格局,突破了把美学等同于审美学的流行观念,彰显了美学作为美生学的根本意义,他以这一观念重新阐释马克思美学思想,出版专著《生成与审美》(2021 年).曾永成教授长期以来从对马克思、杜威、怀特海等哲学家的生态美学思想溯源中,探索出基于生成本体论的人本生态美学的思维进路.他关于人本生态美学的论述,已经成为当代生态美学中颇有影响与代表性的理论形态之一.由于怀特海被称为20世纪的康德,也为了追溯"生成"论美学中的生态思维进路,在年届八旬之际,他又把注意力转到康德,从2020年开始重读康德,希望能对其美学思想有更加深入的理解,并探究其与生态美学的内在联系.为了全面了解康德美学思想的整体思维进路和成果,他在康德《判断力批判》下卷中意外发现了阐述自然生成有机系统论的"自然辩证法",并认识到这乃是开启康德美学奥秘的钥匙.他认为,有机系统论本来就是一种生态学范式的思维方法,这就必然赋予康德美学以深厚的生态思维内涵,从而使康德美学成为当代生态美学的思想渊薮和理论根基.可以说,这一美学思维的跃升,实际上预示了当代美学的一场新的"哥白尼式的革命".康德作为德国古典哲学的创始人,凭其格局宏大、逻辑严密、思想深刻的哲学体系建构,推动了近代西方哲学的革命性飞跃.他集大成的形而上哲学思想体系,具有超越时代的理论价值,于后世哲学而言依然是一座凌于绝顶而众山皆小的高峰.2024年恰逢康德诞辰300周年,为了纪念这位伟大哲学家对于美学的生态学化的开辟之功,《鄱阳湖学刊》策划推出曾永成教授的康德生态美学研究专辑,并委托广西民族大学龚丽娟教授对曾永成教授进行了学术访谈.访谈围绕康德美学的生态思维内涵及其与当代生态美学的关系展开.
Abstract
Since the early 1980s,Professor Zeng Yongcheng of Chengdu University has been researching aes-thetics.By tracing the origins of the ecological aesthetic ideas of philosophers such as Marx,Dewey,and Whitehead,he explored a human-centered ecological aesthetic approach based on generative ontology and eventually developed an aesthetic paradigm known as generative ontology of beauty.Over the course of more than 40 years,he has published several monographs,including Resonance and Becoming(1991),Green Thinking in Literature and Art:An Introduction to Literary Ecology(2000),Returning to Practice-Oriented Anthropology(2005),The Ecological Spirit in Dewey's Aesthetic Empiricism(co-authored,2018),Becoming and Aesthetics(2021),and People Who Live for Beauty(2022).His exploration of hu-man-centered ecological aesthetics has become one of the influential theoretical frameworks in contempo-rary ecological aesthetics.As Professor Zeng approached his 80s,he revisited Kant's works and was thrilled to discover the"dialectics of nature"in the second volume of Kant's Critique of Judgment,which explains the theory of natural generative organic systems.Inspired by this discovery,Professor Zeng proposes that the theory of organic systems is,in fact,a method of ecological thinking.This inherently imbues Kantian aesthetics with profound ecological significance and,in turn,positions it as a foundational source and theo-retical basis for contemporary ecological aesthetics.2024 marks the 300th anniversary of Kant's birth.To commemorate this great philosopher's pioneering contribution to the ecological turn in aesthetics,Poyang Lake Journal has planned a special issue on Professor Zeng Yongcheng's research on Kantian ecological aesthetics.Professor Gong Lijuan of Guangxi Minzu University was commissioned to conduct an academic interview with Professor Zeng.The interview focused on the ecological implications of Kantian aesthetics and its relationship with contemporary ecological aesthetics.
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