摘要
近半个世纪以来,泛加勒比区域海洋生态系统因石油及其碳氢化合物、固体废物、有毒物质和营养物等的污染而退化,不同种类的污染会在一地或多地发生.一国海洋污染不仅危害本国海洋经济发展,还会给毗邻国带去难以管控的跨界环境影响.该区域海洋污染的产生有三大源头:陆基活动是海洋污染最主要的成因,沿岸生活生产废物被有意无意排入海中,引发大规模污染;海洋活动如海底热液、石油钻井、燃气开采和过境航运等,以自然或人为的方式冲击着海洋生态环境;信风、洋流等特殊自然活动则进一步加剧了海洋污染的蔓延.海洋污染严重影响泛加勒比区域社会经济发展,尤其是人们赖以生存的旅游业和渔业.泛加勒比区域海洋污染不只是区域问题,更是一个国际问题,应引起国际社会积极关注和应对.
Abstract
For nearly half a century,marine ecosystems in the Pan-Caribbean region have degraded due to pol-lution from oil and its hydrocarbons,solid waste,toxic substances and nutrients,with different kinds of pollution occurring in one or more places.Marine pollution in one country not only harms the develop-ment of its own marine economy,but also causes uncontrollable transboundary environmental impacts on neighboring countries.There are three major sources of marine pollution in this region.First,land-based activities are the main cause of marine pollution,as the coastal waste from daily life and production has been discharged into the sea intentionally or inadvertently,leading to large-scale pollution.Second,marine activities such as submarine hydrothermal,oil drilling,gas extraction and transit shipping impact the marine ecological environment in natural or man-made ways.Third,special natural activities such as trade winds and ocean currents further aggravate the spread of pollution.Marine pollution seriously affects the socio-e-conomic development of the Pan-Caribbean region,especially tourism and fishing industries vital for local people's survival.Marine pollution in the Pan-Caribbean region is not only a regional issue,but also an international concern calling for the active attention and response from the global community.
基金项目
安徽省高等学校科学研究项目(哲学社会科学)(2013AH050954)
NETL
NSTL
万方数据