摘要
21世纪以来,新一轮科技革命和产业变革加速演进,国际科技竞争尤其是科技强国大国间的科技竞争日益加剧.美国是国际科技竞争的主要推手,分析21世纪以来美国科技政策主题演变特点,有助于观察美国科技政策发展规律和战略重点.本研究以美国21世纪以来宏观科技政策作为研究对象,按照总统任期划分时间阶段,采用嵌入式主题模型(embedded topic model,ETM)对科技政策文本进行主题发现和分析,结合主题相似度,以可视化方式展现美国科技政策的主题演变过程,观察和分析美国科技政策演变特点及其聚焦的科技战略重点及其启示,以前瞻其未来科技发展趋向.分析结果表明,美国长期重视STEM(science,technology,engineering,mathematics)科技人才教育培养,稳定支持医疗卫生和生物科技领域,聚焦发展信息科技等关键前沿领域,注重能源和生态环境科技领域创新,前瞻布局国家战略性科技产业领域.
Abstract
Since the 21st century,a new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation has accelerated its evolution.International scientific and technological competition has intensified,particularly among the sci-entific and technological powers and major countries.Analyzing the characteristics of the evolution of the theme of science and technology in the United States'science and technology policy since the 21st century is conducive to observing the de-velopment laws and strategic priorities of this policy.We examined the US macro science and technology policy over the past 20 years,dividing the time stages according to the presidential term of office.Using the embedded topic model,we discovered and analyzed the themes of science and technology policy text,and combined the theme similarity to visually display the evolution process of science and technology in the United States'science and technology policy.We also ana-lyzed the characteristics of this evolution and the focus of its strategy and enlightenment to look forward to future trends in science and technology development.The analysis results indicate that the United States continues to provide stable sup-port for healthcare and biotechnology;long-term focus on STEM technology talent education and training;strengthening innovation in the fields of energy,ecological and environmental science and technology;focus on the development of key cutting-edge fields such as information technology;and the forward layout of national strategic technology industry policies.
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