[Research purpose]In recent years,the EU is increasingly focusing on"whole-of-government"and"whole-of-society"approaches to counter security threats and apply them to intelligence cooperation.A review of the EU's approach can provide reference for our pursuing a holistic approach to national security.[Research method]Starting from the origin of the concept of"whole-of-govern-ment-whole-of-society",we present the understanding of this concept and its practice in the EU,and on this basis,we summarize the i-deas of changes in EU intelligence cooperation and the possible challenges for future development.[Research conclusion]Through re-search,it is found that the EU has significantly increased its intelligence integration under the"whole-of-government-whole-of-society"approach.However,the EU intelligence cooperation still faces the problems of inconsistent interests of member states,lack of basic intelli-gence resources,and excessive difficulties in related integration.
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