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美国国防部高级研究计划局的技术转化机制及启示

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[研究目的]美国国防部高级研究计划局是美国军工科技创新的重要推动者,几十年来持续产出以代际领先对手的军工技术.探究该机构如何将原型技术转化为武器,在信息时代又如何利用信息技术保持其领先地位,对于理解美国的技术发展有重要意义.[研究方法]在调查该机构发展史的基础上,关注其定期发布的技术招标公告、公布的项目进度和出台的指导文件,探究颠覆性技术最终被军用或商用的微观机制.[研究结论]美国国防部高级研究计划局在前信息时代,依托岛桥式架构取得军方高层支持,与大型军工复合体签署技术研发协议,并主要由军方采购技术和武器;在信息时代,军方采购规模缩减,小型公司将信息与武器相结合,在小企业项目的资助下实现技术转化.
Technology Transition of Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency and Its Enlightenment
[Research purpose]Playing a key role in nourishing U.S.military technology,Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency(DARPA)has produced disruptive weapons that are more advanced than rivalries.It is of great importance to make clear how DARPA transits its technology to weapons and how it keeps a leading position in the information era.[Research method]This article makes use of DARPA history and its periodically released technical bidding announcements,program schedule and applying guidelines to observe the technology transition mechanism.[Research conclusion]In the pre-information age,DARPA relied on the island/bridge structure to ob-tain support of senior military officials,signed technology research and development agreements with the large military complex and gained the military procurement.As military procurement shrinks in the information age,small companies explore military technology based on information and get transited under support of SBIR/STTR.

disruptive technologymilitary technologytechnology transitiontransition mechanismSmall Business Innovation ResearchDARPA

刘宇祥、罗天宇

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对外经济贸易大学 北京 100029

清华大学 北京 100084

颠覆性技术 军工技术 技术转化 转化机制 小企业项目 DARPA

国家社会科学基金广州市哲学社会科学发展规划项目(十四五)

19BTQ0782022GZYB31

2024

情报杂志
陕西省科学技术信息研究所

情报杂志

CSTPCDCSSCICHSSCD北大核心
影响因子:1.502
ISSN:1002-1965
年,卷(期):2024.43(6)